Department of Environment Hygiene, and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University Of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, Wroclaw, Poland.
Reprod Sci. 2022 May;29(5):1387-1394. doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00795-w. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Molecular studies of the causes of male infertility revealed a significant contribution of oxidative stress. When excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced or antioxidant activity fails, the equilibrium between oxidation and reduction is disrupted, causing oxidative stress (OS). High levels of ROS can have an adverse effect on sperm function through the initiation of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, loss of membrane integrity and increased permeability, inactivation of cellular enzymes, and cell apoptosis. In addition to endogenous factors such as immature sperm, leukocytes, and varicocele, potential causes of excessive ROS can also be found exogenously in males with testicular hyperthermia or exposed to environmental toxicity. To maintain the optimal functioning of sperm cells, it is, therefore, necessary to balance the redox potential, i.e., to balance ROS by antioxidants. The purpose of this review is to present the antioxidant defense systems in semen.
男性不育原因的分子研究表明氧化应激有重要作用。当活性氧（ROS）的产生量过大或抗氧化活性不足时，氧化和还原之间的平衡被打破，导致氧化应激（OS）。ROS 水平过高会通过引发 DNA 损伤、脂质过氧化、膜完整性和通透性丧失、细胞酶失活以及细胞凋亡，对精子功能产生不良影响。除了不成熟的精子、白细胞和精索静脉曲张等内源性因素外，睾丸过热或暴露于环境毒性的男性也可能存在外源因素导致过多的 ROS。因此，为了保持精子细胞的最佳功能，有必要平衡氧化还原电势，即通过抗氧化剂来平衡 ROS。本综述的目的是介绍精液中的抗氧化防御系统。
