Guerrero Antonio, Bisquert Juan, Garcia-Belmonte Germà
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
Chem Rev. 2021 Dec 8;121(23):14430-14484. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00214. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
Impedance spectroscopy (IS) provides a detailed understanding of the dynamic phenomena underlying the operation of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Here we provide a broad summary of the application of IS to metal halide perovskite materials, solar cells, electrooptic and memory devices. IS has been widely used to characterize perovskite solar cells, but the variability of samples and the presence of coupled ionic-electronic effects form a complex problem that has not been fully solved yet. We summarize the understanding that has been obtained so far, the basic methods and models, as well as the challenging points still present in this research field. Our approach emphasizes the importance of the equivalent circuit for monitoring the parameters that describe the response and providing a physical interpretation. We discuss the possibilities of models from the general perspective of solar cell behavior, and we describe the specific aspects and properties of the metal halide perovskites. We analyze the impact of the ionic effects and the memory effects, and we describe the combination of light-modulated techniques such as intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) for obtaining more detailed information in complex cases. The transformation of the frequency to time domain is discussed for the consistent interpretation of time transient techniques and the prediction of features of current-voltage hysteresis. We discuss in detail the stability issues and the occurrence of transformations of the sample coupled to the measurements.
阻抗谱（IS）能让我们深入了解光伏和光电器件运行背后的动态现象。在此，我们对IS在金属卤化物钙钛矿材料、太阳能电池、电光和存储器件中的应用做一个全面总结。IS已被广泛用于表征钙钛矿太阳能电池，但样品的变异性以及离子 - 电子耦合效应的存在构成了一个尚未完全解决的复杂问题。我们总结了目前已获得的认识、基本方法和模型，以及该研究领域中仍然存在的挑战点。我们的方法强调了等效电路对于监测描述响应的参数并提供物理解释的重要性。我们从太阳能电池行为的一般角度讨论模型的可能性，并描述金属卤化物钙钛矿的具体方面和特性。我们分析离子效应和记忆效应的影响，并描述诸如强度调制光电流谱（IMPS）等光调制技术的组合，以便在复杂情况下获取更详细的信息。为了对时间瞬态技术进行一致的解释以及预测电流 - 电压滞后的特征，我们讨论了从频率到时间域的转换。我们详细讨论了稳定性问题以及与测量相关的样品转变的发生情况。
