积极参与有组织的休闲运动的12至15岁丹麦青少年具有更高的与健康相关的身体素质和幸福感——一项横断面研究。
Superior health-related physical fitness and well-being in 12-15-year-old Danish adolescents who are active in organized leisure-time sports - a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Meiner Christina Birch, Eckert Caroline, Aggestrup Charlotte Sandager, Pfeffer Kristina, Tarantino Giampiero, Prisak Camilla, Cimenti Chiara, Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie, Ntoumanis Nikos, Krustrup Peter, Larsen Malte Nejst
机构信息
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Danmarks Idrætsforbund (DIF), Brøndby, Denmark.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 8;20(9):e0330950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330950. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Global reports indicate that less than 20% of 11-17-year-olds meet physical activity recommendations, and while organized sports participation increases the likelihood of meeting these guidelines, no other studies were found that examined the impact on well-being and physical fitness outcomes among Danish adolescents based on participation in leisure time sports.
METHODS
The study employed a cross-sectional design, assessing cardiorespiratory fitness, fat percentage, and well-being, as well as several other health and fitness outcomes among 1,333 Danish adolescents (50% girls). Differences between participants in organized sports and non-participants, as well as between participants in different sport categories were assessed through ANCOVA analysis.
RESULTS
Girls and boys participating in organized sports, ran longer (p<0.05) in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level1 Children's test (IR1C) (G: d = 0.72 [0.54; 0.89]; B: d = 0.70 [0.50; 0.89]) and had lower (p<0.05) fat percentages than non-participants (G: d = 0.42 [0.25; 0.59]; B: d = 0.33 [0.14; 0.51]). Organized sport participants had higher (p < 0.05) well-being than non-participants in all KIDSCREEN-27 sub-scales apart from social support and peers. Girls in individual sports had lower (p<0.05) well-being than girls in other sports in all sub-scales apart from parent relations and autonomy. Multisport participation for both sexes, as well as participation in soccer for boys, was associated with a greater distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1C (p < 0.05). A significant drop out of sports from the previous to the current year was found among girls, but not among boys.
CONCLUSION
Participation in organized leisure-time sports is linked to better health, fitness, and well-being, especially for girls, who show greater disparities with non-participants. Participation in team sports is linked to higher well-being compared to individual sports in girls, but not in boys. High dropout rates among adolescent girls call for targeted strategies to sustain their participation and derived benefits.
背景
全球报告显示，11至17岁的青少年中，只有不到20%的人达到体育活动建议标准。虽然参加有组织的体育运动增加了达到这些标准的可能性，但未发现其他研究考察丹麦青少年参与休闲体育活动对幸福感和身体素质的影响。
方法
本研究采用横断面设计，评估了1333名丹麦青少年（50%为女孩）的心肺功能、体脂百分比和幸福感，以及其他一些健康和体能指标。通过协方差分析评估了参加有组织体育运动的参与者与未参与者之间，以及不同运动类别的参与者之间的差异。
结果
参加有组织体育运动的女孩和男孩在Yo-Yo间歇恢复水平1儿童测试（IR1C）中跑得更远（p<0.05）（女孩：d = 0.72 [0.54; 0.89]；男孩：d = 0.70 [0.50; 0.89]），且体脂百分比低于未参与者（女孩：d = 0.42 [0.25; 0.59]；男孩：d = 0.33 [0.14; 0.51]）。除社会支持和同伴关系外，在KIDSCREEN-27所有子量表中，参加有组织体育运动的参与者的幸福感均高于未参与者。除亲子关系和自主性外，在所有子量表中，参加个人运动的女孩的幸福感均低于参加其他运动的女孩。男女参与多项运动以及男孩参与足球运动，与在Yo-Yo IR1C中跑得更远相关（p < 0.05）。发现女孩从去年到今年有显著的运动退出情况，而男孩没有。
结论
参与有组织的休闲体育活动与更好的健康、体能和幸福感相关，尤其是对女孩而言，她们与未参与者之间的差距更大。与个人运动相比，女孩参与团队运动与更高的幸福感相关，但男孩并非如此。青少年女孩的高退出率需要有针对性的策略来维持她们的参与并获得相应益处。
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