Atiwesh Ghada, Parrish Christopher C, Banoub Joseph, Le Tuyet-Anh T
Environmental Science Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland. St. John's, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
Biotechnol Prog. 2022 Mar;38(2):e3226. doi: 10.1002/btpr.3226. Epub 2021 Dec 9.
Lignin is an abundant plant-based biopolymer that has found applications in a variety of industries from construction to bioethanol production. This recalcitrant branched polymer is naturally degraded by many different species of microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. These microbial lignin degradation mechanisms provide a host of possibilities to overcome the challenges of using harmful chemicals to degrade lignin biowaste in many industries. The classes and mechanisms of different microbial lignin degradation options available in nature form the primary focus of the present review. This review first discusses the chemical building blocks of lignin and the industrial sources and applications of this multifaceted polymer. The review further places emphasis on the degradation of lignin by natural means, discussing in detail the lignin degradation activities of various fungal and bacterial species. The lignin-degrading enzymes produced by various microbial species, specifically white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, and bacteria, are described. In the end, possible directions for future lignin biodegradation applications and research investigations have been provided.
木质素是一种丰富的植物基生物聚合物，已在从建筑到生物乙醇生产等各种行业中得到应用。这种难降解的支链聚合物能被包括真菌和细菌在内的许多不同种类的微生物自然降解。这些微生物木质素降解机制为克服许多行业中使用有害化学物质降解木质素生物废料所面临的挑战提供了诸多可能性。自然界中不同微生物木质素降解方式的类别和机制是本综述的主要关注点。本综述首先讨论了木质素的化学组成单元以及这种多面聚合物的工业来源和应用。该综述进一步强调了通过自然方式降解木质素，详细讨论了各种真菌和细菌的木质素降解活性。描述了各种微生物，特别是白腐真菌、褐腐真菌和细菌产生的木质素降解酶。最后，给出了未来木质素生物降解应用和研究调查的可能方向。
