Kallioniemi Elisa, Saari Jukka, Ferreri Florinda, Määttä Sara
Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
J Neurosci Methods. 2022 Jan 15;366:109430. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109430. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) allows probing of the neurophysiology of any neocortical brain area in vivo with millisecond accuracy. TMS-EEG is particularly unique compared with other available neurophysiological methods, as it can measure the state and dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory systems separately. Because of these capabilities, TMS-EEG responses are sensitive to the brain state, and the responses are influenced by brain maturation and ageing, making TMS-EEG a suitable method to study age-specific pathophysiology. In this review, we outline the TMS-EEG measurement procedure, the existing methods used for characterising TMS-EEG responses and the challenges associated with identifying the responses. We also summarise the findings thus far on how TMS-EEG responses change across the lifespan and the TMS-EEG features that separate typical and atypical brain maturation and ageing. Finally, we give an overview of the gaps in current knowledge to provide directions for future studies.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）与脑电图（EEG）相结合，能够在体内以毫秒级精度探测任何新皮质脑区的神经生理学。与其他现有的神经生理学方法相比，TMS-EEG具有独特之处，因为它可以分别测量兴奋性和抑制性系统的状态及动态变化。由于具备这些能力，TMS-EEG反应对脑状态敏感，且会受到脑成熟和衰老的影响，这使得TMS-EEG成为研究特定年龄病理生理学的合适方法。在这篇综述中，我们概述了TMS-EEG测量程序、用于表征TMS-EEG反应的现有方法以及与识别这些反应相关的挑战。我们还总结了迄今为止关于TMS-EEG反应在整个生命周期中如何变化的研究结果，以及区分典型和非典型脑成熟与衰老的TMS-EEG特征。最后，我们概述了当前知识的空白，为未来的研究提供方向。
