探讨可能导致心理运动加工速度性别差异的因素。
An examination of factors that may contribute to gender differences in psychomotor processing speed.
机构信息
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, PL 26, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2021 Dec 2;9(1):190. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00698-0.
BACKGROUND
For unknown reasons, females outperform males on tests of psychomotor processing speed (PS), such as the Coding and Symbol Search subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
METHOD
In the present study, the effects of intelligence, memory, personality, fine motor speed, gross motor dexterity, height, weight, age, sex, and education on psychomotor processing speed were studied in an outpatient sample (n = 130).
RESULTS
Moderate (r > .40) correlations were found between PS and verbal reasoning, nonverbal reasoning, verbal memory, and fine motor speed. Weak (r > .20) correlations were found between PS and gross motor dexterity, extraversion, education, weight, and sex. Females outperformed males in PS and in fine motor speed. Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated nonverbal reasoning, fine motor speed, and sex as independent predictors of PS.
CONCLUSIONS
One interpretation of the results is that the factors underlying sex differences in processing speed are not psychological but neurological or physiological in nature and therefore a wider variety of measures from these disciplines are needed for further studies. For clinical assessment purposes, psychological tests should preferably provide different norms for male and female PS scores.
背景
由于未知原因，女性在心理运动加工速度（PS）测试中优于男性，例如韦氏成人智力量表的编码和符号搜索子测验。
方法
在本研究中，对门诊样本（n=130）进行了智力、记忆、人格、精细运动速度、大运动灵巧性、身高、体重、年龄、性别和教育对心理运动加工速度的影响研究。
结果
PS 与言语推理、非言语推理、言语记忆和精细运动速度之间存在中等（r>.40）相关性。PS 与大运动灵巧性、外向性、教育、体重和性别之间存在弱（r>.20）相关性。女性在 PS 和精细运动速度方面优于男性。逐步线性回归分析表明，非言语推理、精细运动速度和性别是 PS 的独立预测因子。
结论
对结果的一种解释是，影响加工速度性别差异的因素不是心理因素，而是神经学或生理学性质的，因此需要来自这些学科的更多种类的措施进行进一步研究。出于临床评估目的，心理测验最好为男性和女性的 PS 分数提供不同的标准。
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