Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
Adv Mater. 2022 Mar;34(12):e2107875. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107875. Epub 2022 Feb 6.
Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA has led to significant advances in bottom-up materials synthesis and a new way of thinking about fundamental concepts in chemistry. Here, programmable atom equivalents (PAEs), comprised of nanoparticles (the "atoms") functionalized with DNA (the "bonding elements"), are assembled through DNA hybridization into crystalline lattices. Unlike atomic systems, the "atom" (e.g., the nanoparticle shape, size, and composition) and the "bond" (e.g., the DNA length and sequence) can be tuned independently, yielding designer materials with unique catalytic, optical, and biological properties. In this review, nearly three decades of work that have contributed to the evolution of this class of programmable matter is chronicled, starting from the earliest examples based on gold-core PAEs, and then delineating how advances in synthetic capabilities, DNA design, and fundamental understanding of PAE-PAE interactions have led to new classes of functional materials that, in several cases, have no natural equivalent.
DNA 引导胶体晶体工程在自下而上的材料合成方面取得了重大进展，为化学的基本概念提供了一种新的思考方式。在此，可编程原子等价物（PAEs）由纳米颗粒（“原子”）与 DNA（“键合元素”）功能化组成，通过 DNA 杂交组装成晶体晶格。与原子系统不同，“原子”（例如纳米颗粒的形状、大小和组成）和“键”（例如 DNA 的长度和序列）可以独立调节，从而产生具有独特催化、光学和生物学特性的设计材料。在这篇综述中，记录了近三十年的工作进展，这些工作推动了这一类可编程物质的发展，从最早的基于金核 PAEs 的例子开始，然后阐述了合成能力、DNA 设计和 PAE-PAE 相互作用的基本理解方面的进展如何导致了新的功能材料类别，在某些情况下，这些材料没有天然的对应物。
