Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India.
Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 May;196(5):2881-2900. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04681-w. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
Microbial lipids are ideal for developing liquid biofuels because of their sustainability and no dependence on food crops. Especially the bioprocess for microbial lipids may be made economical by using sustainable approaches, e.g., lignocellulose-based carbon sources. This demand led to a search for ideal microorganisms with the ability to utilize efficiently biomass into value-added products. Rhodosporidium toruloides species belongs to the family of oleaginous (OG) yeast, which aggregates up to 70% of its biomass to produce fatty acids which can be converted to a variety of biofuels. R. toruloides is extremely adaptable to different types of feedstocks. Among all feedstock, a lot of effort is going on to develop a bioprocess of fatty acid production from lignocellulose biomass. The lignocellulose biomass is pretreated using harsh conditions of acid, alkali, and other which leads to the generation of a variety of sugars and toxic compounds. Thus, so obtained lignocellulose hydrolysate may have conditions of different pH, variable carbon and nitrogen ratios, and other non-optimum conditions. Accordingly, a detailed investigation is required for molecular level metabolism of R. toruloides in response to the hydrolysate for producing desired biochemicals like fatty acids. The present review focuses on numerous elements and obstacles, including metabolism, biofuel production, cultivation parameters, and genetic alteration of mutants in extracting fatty acids from lignocellulosic materials utilizing Rhodosporidium spp. This review provides useful information on the research working to develop processes for lignocellulose biomass using oleaginous yeast.
微生物油脂是开发液体生物燃料的理想原料，因为它们具有可持续性，不依赖粮食作物。特别是通过采用可持续的方法，如利用木质纤维素为碳源，微生物油脂的生物过程可能具有经济性。这种需求促使人们寻找具有高效利用生物质生产附加值产品能力的理想微生物。红酵母（Rhodosporidium toruloides）属于产油（OG）酵母家族，其生物量高达 70%可聚集用于生产脂肪酸，这些脂肪酸可转化为多种生物燃料。红酵母（R. toruloides）对不同类型的饲料具有极强的适应性。在所有的饲料中，人们正在努力开发利用木质纤维素生物质生产脂肪酸的生物工艺。木质纤维素生物质采用酸、碱等苛刻条件进行预处理，导致产生各种糖和有毒化合物。因此，获得的木质纤维素水解物可能具有不同 pH 值、可变碳氮比和其他非最佳条件。因此，需要进行详细的调查，以了解红酵母（R. toruloides）在木质纤维素水解物中的分子水平代谢情况，以生产所需的生物化学物质，如脂肪酸。本综述重点介绍了利用红酵母（Rhodosporidium spp.）从木质纤维素材料中提取脂肪酸的诸多要素和障碍，包括代谢、生物燃料生产、培养参数和突变体的遗传改造。本综述提供了有关利用产油酵母开发木质纤维素生物质处理工艺的研究工作的有用信息。
