Özsöz Figen, Luff Johannes, Siegerstetter Julia
Kriminologische Forschungsgruppe der Bayerischen Polizei (KFG), Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt, München, Deutschland.
Sachgebiet 511 - Kriminologische Forschungsgruppe der Bayerischen Polizei (KFG), Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt, Maillingerstr. 15, 80636, München, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022 Jan;65(1):11-17. doi: 10.1007/s00103-021-03463-1. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Although suicide is not a criminal offence and the person who commits suicide is neither a victim nor a perpetrator in the classic police sense, suicides are the subject of police investigations and sometimes even recorded in the police crime statistics. In the state of Bavaria, available data go back to 1986. The present analysis provides information about the development of suicides registered by the police, the social characteristics of the individuals who commit suicide, and the methods and circumstances for suicide. In particular, the extent to which the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on suicide risk is examined.
Descriptive statistical analysis of completed and attempted suicides based on the Bavarian police crime statistics from 1986-2020.
The number of suicide deaths has continuously declined over the decades. This positive trend is also visible in the reporting year 2020, which is profoundly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the persons who commit suicide are male and older than the age of 60. Hanging is the most commonly used method to commit suicide and the circumstances for doing so are often a mental or physical illness.
Prevention of danger is an important duty of police. Data generated by the police, experience-based knowledge, and police intervention and influence can help prevent suicides. The statistical recording of suicides in the police crime statistics is a valuable addition to the causes of death statistics and provides a basis for optimizing prevention and emergency care.
尽管自杀并非刑事犯罪，且从传统警方角度来看，自杀者既不是受害者也不是犯罪者，但自杀仍是警方的调查对象，有时甚至会被记录在警方犯罪统计数据中。在巴伐利亚州，现有数据可追溯至1986年。本分析提供了有关警方登记的自杀事件发展情况、自杀者的社会特征以及自杀方法和情形的信息。特别是，研究了新冠疫情最初几个月对自杀风险的影响程度。
基于1986 - 2020年巴伐利亚警方犯罪统计数据，对已完成的自杀和自杀未遂进行描述性统计分析。
几十年来，自杀死亡人数持续下降。这一积极趋势在2020年报告年度也很明显，该年度受到新冠疫情的深刻影响。大多数自杀者为男性，年龄超过60岁。上吊是最常用的自杀方式，自杀情形通常是患有精神或身体疾病。
预防危险是警方的一项重要职责。警方生成的数据、基于经验的知识以及警方的干预和影响有助于预防自杀。警方犯罪统计数据中对自杀的统计记录是对死亡原因统计的宝贵补充，为优化预防和急救提供了依据。
