Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
FEBS J. 2023 Feb;290(4):913-930. doi: 10.1111/febs.16319. Epub 2021 Dec 18.
Development of the heart, from early morphogenesis to functional maturation, as well as maintenance of its homeostasis are tasks requiring collaborative efforts of cardiac tissue and different extra-cardiac organ systems. The brain, lymphoid organs, and gut are among the interaction partners that can communicate with the heart through a wide array of paracrine signals acting at local or systemic level. Disturbance of cardiac homeostasis following ischemic injury also needs immediate response from these distant organs. Our hearts replace dead muscles with non-contractile fibrotic scars. We have learned from animal models capable of scarless repair that regenerative capability of the heart does not depend only on competency of the myocardium and cardiac-intrinsic factors but also on long-range molecular signals originating in other parts of the body. Here, we provide an overview of inter-organ signals that take part in development and regeneration of the heart. We highlight recent findings and remaining questions. Finally, we discuss the potential of inter-organ modulatory approaches for possible therapeutic use.
心脏的发育，从早期形态发生到功能成熟，以及维持其体内平衡，都是需要心脏组织和不同的心脏外器官系统协同努力的任务。大脑、淋巴器官和肠道是与心脏相互作用的伙伴之一，它们可以通过广泛的旁分泌信号在局部或全身水平上进行交流。缺血损伤后心脏内稳态的紊乱也需要这些远处器官的立即反应。我们的心脏用非收缩性的纤维疤痕替代坏死的肌肉。我们从能够无疤痕修复的动物模型中了解到，心脏的再生能力不仅取决于心肌和心脏固有因素的能力，还取决于源自身体其他部位的远程分子信号。在这里，我们提供了参与心脏发育和再生的器官间信号的概述。我们强调了最近的发现和遗留问题。最后，我们讨论了器官间调节方法在可能的治疗用途方面的潜力。
