Shamah-Levy Teresa, Cuevas-Nasu Lucia, Romero-Martínez Martín, Gómez-Humaran Ignacio Méndez, Ávila-Arcos Marco Antonio, Rivera Juan A
Evaluation and Survey Center, Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Center for Mathematics Research, Unit Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Front Nutr. 2021 Nov 25;8:777246. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.777246. eCollection 2021.
Population-level health and nutrition surveys provide critical anthropometric data used to monitor trends of the prevalence of under nutrition and overweight in children under 5 years old, and overweight and obesity in the population over 5 years of age. Analyze the children malnutrition and overweight and obesity in children, teenagers and adults through the National Health and Nutrition Surveys information available from public databases. Comparable anthropometric data was gathered by five Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys (in Spanish, ENSANUT). In pre-school-age children, under nutrition status was identified through underweight (Z-score below -2 in weight-for-age), stunting (chronic malnutrition) (Z-score below -2 for length/height-for-age), or wasting (Z-score below -2, for weight-for-length/height); overweight status was defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m) for age over +2. For school-age children and adolescents, a Z-score BMI between +1 and +2 deviations was defined as overweight, and between +2 and +5.5 as obesity. In adults (≥20 years of age), overweight status was classified as a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9, and obesity as ≥30. The anthropometric data presented derives from the databases of five survey years of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey: 2006, 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020. They include a total of 210,915 subjects with complete anthropometric data (weight, length/height) distributed on five survey moments; subjects were categorized by age group: pre-school-age children ( = 25,968), school-age children ( = 42,255), adolescents ( = 39,275), and adults ( = 103,417). Prevalence of malnutrition by indicator was calculated: in pre-school-age children: low height- and weight-for-age, low weight-for-height, and overweight; and in school-age children, adolescents, and adults, the indicators calculated were overweight and obesity. Results demonstrate the importance of maintaining systematic, reliable, and timely national anthropometric data in the population, in order to detect and track trends and to form the basis of nutrition-related public policy.
人群层面的健康与营养调查提供了关键的人体测量数据，用于监测5岁以下儿童营养不良和超重以及5岁以上人群超重和肥胖患病率的趋势。通过公共数据库中可获取的国家健康与营养调查信息，分析儿童、青少年和成年人中的儿童营养不良以及超重和肥胖情况。墨西哥五次国家健康与营养调查（西班牙语：ENSANUT）收集了可比的人体测量数据。在学龄前儿童中，营养不良状况通过体重不足（年龄别体重Z评分低于-2）、发育迟缓（慢性营养不良）（年龄别身长/身高Z评分低于-2）或消瘦（年龄别体重/身长Z评分低于-2）来确定；超重状况定义为年龄别体重指数（BMI，kg/m）高于+2。对于学龄儿童和青少年，Z评分BMI在+1至+2标准差之间定义为超重，在+2至+5.5之间定义为肥胖。在成年人（≥20岁）中，超重状况分类为BMI在25.0至29.9之间，肥胖为≥30。呈现的人体测量数据源自墨西哥国家健康与营养调查五个调查年份的数据库：2006年、2012年、2016年、2018年和2020年。它们总共包括210,915名具有完整人体测量数据（体重、身长/身高）的受试者，分布在五个调查时刻；受试者按年龄组分类：学龄前儿童（=25,968）、学龄儿童（=42,255）、青少年（=39,275）和成年人（=103,417）。计算了各指标的营养不良患病率：在学龄前儿童中：年龄别身高和体重偏低、身高别体重偏低以及超重；在学龄儿童、青少年和成年人中，计算的指标为超重和肥胖。结果表明，在人群中保持系统、可靠和及时的国家人体测量数据对于检测和跟踪趋势以及形成营养相关公共政策的基础非常重要。
