Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran.
Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Res. 2022 Apr 15;206:112563. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112563. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
This research aims to analyze 56 pesticide residues in 100 green-house cucumber and 150 cantaloupe and melon samples collected from markets in Iran by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction method based on analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). In addition, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic probabilistic health risk assessments were evaluated by Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) based on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. According to Iranian regulation, 18% of cucumber and 22% of cantaloupe and melon samples were contaminated by at least one pesticide. Arrange pesticides based on HQ ranking was diazinon > thiacloprid > imidacloprid tebuconazole for cucumbers and chlorpyrifos > thiacloprid > imidacloprid > metalaxyl for cantaloupes and melons. In addition, HI for adults was 0.067 in cucumber and 0.24 in cantaloupe and melon; and for children, 0.30 in cucumber and 0.60 in cantaloupe and melon. Arrange pesticides based on CR ranking was thiacloprid > imidacloprid > metalaxyl > chlorpyrifos > tebuconazole > diazinon. However, CR was more than 1.0E-6 value due to thiacloprid, so consumers were at considerable carcinogenic risk in these commodities.
本研究旨在采用快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用、安全（QuEChERS）提取方法，对从伊朗市场采集的 100 个温室黄瓜和 150 个甜瓜和瓜类样本中的 56 种农药残留进行分析，然后使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS）进行分析。此外，还通过基于蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）方法的危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和致癌风险（CR）对非致癌和致癌概率健康风险进行了评估。根据伊朗法规，18%的黄瓜和 22%的甜瓜和瓜类样本受到至少一种农药的污染。根据 HQ 排名排列的杀虫剂为：黄瓜中的二嗪磷>噻虫啉>吡虫啉；噻虫啉>氯吡硫磷>吡虫啉>噻菌灵。而对于甜瓜和瓜类，杀虫剂的排列顺序为：氯吡硫磷>噻虫啉>吡虫啉>噻菌灵>精甲霜灵>二嗪磷。此外，成年人在黄瓜中的 HI 为 0.067，在甜瓜和瓜类中的 HI 为 0.24；而儿童在黄瓜中的 HI 为 0.30，在甜瓜和瓜类中的 HI 为 0.60。根据 CR 排名排列的杀虫剂为：噻虫啉>吡虫啉>精甲霜灵>氯吡硫磷>噻菌灵>二嗪磷。然而，由于噻虫啉的存在，CR 值超过了 1.0E-6，因此消费者在这些商品中面临着相当大的致癌风险。
