Sousa André P, Cunha Diogo M, Franco Carolina, Teixeira Catarina, Gojon Frantz, Baylina Pilar, Fernandes Ruben
Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology & Innovation Center (PORTIC), R. Arquitecto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
School of Health (ESS), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Metabolites. 2021 Dec 3;11(12):835. doi: 10.3390/metabo11120835.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is defined as a chronic condition caused by beta cell loss and/or dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). The discovering of novel biomarkers capable of identifying T2D and other metabolic disorders associated with IR in a timely and accurate way is critical. In this review, 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2HB) is presented as that upheaval biomarker with an unexplored potential ahead. Due to the activation of other metabolic pathways during IR, 2HB is synthesized as a coproduct of protein metabolism, being the progression of IR intrinsically related to the increasing of 2HB levels. Hence, the focus of this review will be on the 2HB metabolite and its involvement in glucose homeostasis. A literature review was conducted, which comprised an examination of publications from different databases that had been published over the previous ten years. A total of 19 articles fulfilled the intended set of criteria. The use of 2HB as an early indicator of IR was separated into subjects based on the number of analytes examined simultaneously. In terms of the association between 2HB and IR, it has been established that increasing 2HB levels can predict the development of IR. Thus, 2HB has demonstrated considerable promise as a clinical monitoring molecule, not only as an IR biomarker, but also for disease follow-up throughout IR treatment.
2型糖尿病（T2D）被定义为一种由β细胞丢失和/或功能障碍以及胰岛素抵抗（IR）引起的慢性疾病。发现能够及时、准确地识别T2D和其他与IR相关的代谢紊乱的新型生物标志物至关重要。在本综述中，2-羟基丁酸（2HB）被视为一种具有未被探索潜力的重要生物标志物。由于在IR期间其他代谢途径的激活，2HB作为蛋白质代谢的副产物被合成，IR的进展与2HB水平的升高内在相关。因此，本综述的重点将是2HB代谢物及其在葡萄糖稳态中的作用。进行了一项文献综述，其中包括对过去十年中不同数据库发表的出版物的审查。共有19篇文章符合预定的标准集。根据同时检测的分析物数量，将2HB作为IR早期指标的使用情况分为不同的研究对象。就2HB与IR之间的关联而言，已经确定2HB水平的升高可以预测IR的发展。因此，2HB已显示出作为一种临床监测分子的巨大潜力，不仅作为IR生物标志物，而且用于整个IR治疗过程中的疾病随访。
