Brunetto Marcio Antonio, Halfen Doris Pereira, Risolia Larissa Wunsche, Pedrinelli Vivian, Caragelasco Douglas Segalla, Vendramini Thiago Henrique Annibale, de Carvalho Balieiro Julio César, Pontieri Cristiana Fonseca Ferreira, Jeremias Juliana Toloi, Ruberti Bruna, Kogika Marcia Mery
Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil.
Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
Metabolites. 2021 Dec 6;11(12):844. doi: 10.3390/metabo11120844.
This observational study aimed to evaluate serum and urinary amino acid (AA) concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) fed a commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels. Ten dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 composed the study group and received the renal diet for 180 days (RG T180). A control group (CG T30) composed of seven healthy dogs was fed a renal diet for 30 days. When comparing serum AA between RG T180 and CG T30, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, citrulline, ornithine, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and total essential amino acids (EAA) were higher in RG T180. Meanwhile, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, serine, and tyrosine were higher in CG T30. Serum phenylalanine, tryptophan, and hydroxyproline were higher in RG T0 (dogs with CKD before consuming a renal diet) when compared to RG T180. In addition, the serum ratios of arginine/citrulline, tyrosine/phenylalanine, and serine/glycine were higher in CG T30 than in RG T180. Concerning urinary AA concentrations in CKD dogs, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartate, cysteine, and BCAA were higher in RG T180. In urine, the total EAA/total non-essential AA ratio in RG T180 was higher than in CG T30 as well as tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio higher in CG T30. In conclusion, the combination of renal diet and conservative treatment over 6 months in dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 affected the AAs metabolism when compared to healthy adult dogs.
本观察性研究旨在评估喂食低蛋白、低磷商业治疗性肾脏饮食的健康犬和慢性肾病（CKD）犬的血清和尿液氨基酸（AA）浓度。十只处于CKD 3期或4期的犬组成研究组，并接受肾脏饮食180天（RG T180）。由七只健康犬组成的对照组（CG T30）喂食肾脏饮食30天。比较RG T180和CG T30的血清AA时，RG T180中的组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、牛磺酸、支链氨基酸（BCAA）和总必需氨基酸（EAA）更高。同时，CG T30中的精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸和酪氨酸更高。与RG T180相比，RG T0（食用肾脏饮食前的CKD犬）的血清苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和羟脯氨酸更高。此外，CG T30的精氨酸/瓜氨酸、酪氨酸/苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸/甘氨酸的血清比值高于RG T180。关于CKD犬的尿液AA浓度，RG T180中的异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸和BCAA更高。在尿液中，RG T180的总EAA/总非必需AA比值高于CG T30，CG T30的酪氨酸/苯丙氨酸比值也更高。总之，与健康成年犬相比，3期或4期CKD犬接受肾脏饮食和保守治疗6个月以上会影响氨基酸代谢。
