Lippi Ilaria, Perondi Francesca, Pierini Alessio, Bartoli Francesco, Gori Eleonora, Mariti Chiara, Marchetti Veronica
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, 56120 Pisa, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2022 Jun 30;9(7):331. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9070331.
Abnormalities of serum amino acid profile, mostly characterized by a reduction in essential amino acids (EAAs) and an increase in non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), have been documented in human chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Amino acid disorders have been associated with CKD complications, such as metabolic acidosis and malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate EAAs and NEAAs in dogs affected by CKD at different IRIS stages, with particular reference to calcium−phosphate abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, and protein-energy wasting syndrome (PEW). Serum EAAs (L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, tryptophan, L-valine, and L-arginine) and serum NEAAs (L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, proline, L-serine, and L-tyrosine) were analyzed with HPLC in a group of dogs with CKD (n = 62), and in a group of healthy dogs (n = 25). CKD dogs showed significantly lower serum levels of histidine (p < 0.000), isoleucine (p < 0.000), tryptophan (p < 0.000), alanine (p = 0.013), cysteine (p < 0.000), and serine (p = 0.002), and significantly higher levels of proline (p < 0.000), leucine (p = 0.001), lysine (p < 0.000), valine (p < 0.000), arginine (p = 0.002), glutamic acid (p = 0.002), and glycine (p = 0.010) compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with abnormal calcium x phosphate values showed significantly higher levels of cysteine (p = 0.003), and lower levels of tryptophan (p = 0.025) compared to CKD dogs with normal CaxP. Dogs with metabolic acidosis showed significantly higher levels of phenylalanine (p = 0.035) and leucine (p = 0.034) compared to CKD dogs without metabolic acidosis. Dogs with PEW showed significantly lower levels for most of amino acids. In PEW dogs, the median distribution of both EAAs (p = 0.000) and NEAAs (p = 0.001) was significantly lower. The serum pattern of both EAAs and NEAAs was significantly different in CKD dogs compared to healthy dogs, although no association with the progression of the IRIS stage was found.
在人类慢性肾脏病（CKD）中，血清氨基酸谱异常已被记录，其主要特征是必需氨基酸（EAA）减少和非必需氨基酸（NEAA）增加。氨基酸紊乱与CKD并发症相关，如代谢性酸中毒和营养不良。本研究的目的是评估处于不同IRIS分期的CKD犬的EAA和NEAA，特别提及钙磷异常、代谢性酸中毒和蛋白质能量消耗综合征（PEW）。采用高效液相色谱法分析了一组CKD犬（n = 62）和一组健康犬（n = 25）的血清EAA（L-组氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-苏氨酸、色氨酸、L-缬氨酸和L-精氨酸）和血清NEAA（L-丙氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、L-谷氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、L-丝氨酸和L-酪氨酸）。与健康犬相比，CKD犬血清组氨酸（p < 0.000）、异亮氨酸（p < 0.000）、色氨酸（p < 0.000）、丙氨酸（p = 0.013）、半胱氨酸（p < 0.000）和丝氨酸（p = 0.002）水平显著降低，脯氨酸（p < 0.000）、亮氨酸（p = 0.001）、赖氨酸（p < 0.000）、缬氨酸（p < 0.000）、精氨酸（p = 0.002）、谷氨酸（p = 0.002）和甘氨酸（p = 0.010）水平显著升高。与钙磷值正常的CKD犬相比，钙磷值异常的犬血清半胱氨酸水平显著升高（p = 0.003），色氨酸水平降低（p = 0.025）。与无代谢性酸中毒的CKD犬相比，有代谢性酸中毒的犬血清苯丙氨酸（p = 0.035）和亮氨酸（p = 0.034）水平显著升高。患有PEW的犬大多数氨基酸水平显著降低。在患有PEW的犬中，EAA（p = 0.000）和NEAA（p = 0.001）的中位数分布均显著降低。与健康犬相比，CKD犬的EAA和NEAA血清模式均有显著差异，尽管未发现与IRIS分期进展相关。
