Vélez-Calabria Glenda, Peñaranda David Sánchez, Jover-Cerdá Miguel, Llorens Silvia Martínez, Tomás-Vidal Ana
Research Group of Aquaculture and Biodiversity, Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46071 València, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 16;11(12):3577. doi: 10.3390/ani11123577.
The aquaculture of carnivorous fish is in continuous expansion, which leads to the need to reduce the dependence on fishmeal (FM). Plant proteins (PP) represent a suitable protein alternative to FM and are increasingly used in fish feed. However, PP may lead to stunted growth and enteritis. In the current study, the effect of high FM substitution by PP sources on the growth, mortality and intestinal health of rainbow trout () was evaluated in terms of the histological intestine parameters and expression of genes related to inflammation ( and ) and immune responses ( and ). The results show that a total substitution registered lower growth and survival rates, probably due to a disruption to the animal's health. Confirming this hypothesis, fish fed FM0 showed histological changes in the intestine and gene changes related to inflammatory responses, which in the long-term could have triggered an immunosuppression. The FM10 diet presented not only a similar expression to FM20 (control diet), but also similar growth and survival. Therefore, 90% of FM substitution was demonstrated as being feasible in this species using a PP blend of wheat gluten (WG) and soybean meal (SBM) as a protein source.
肉食性鱼类的水产养殖规模在持续扩大，这导致有必要减少对鱼粉（FM）的依赖。植物蛋白（PP）是一种适合替代鱼粉的蛋白质，且越来越多地用于鱼饲料中。然而，植物蛋白可能导致生长发育迟缓以及肠炎。在本研究中，从肠道组织学参数以及与炎症（和）和免疫反应（和）相关基因的表达方面，评估了用植物蛋白源高比例替代鱼粉对虹鳟（）生长、死亡率和肠道健康的影响。结果表明，完全替代鱼粉会导致生长率和存活率降低，这可能是由于对动物健康造成了干扰。证实这一假设的是，喂食FM0的鱼在肠道出现了组织学变化以及与炎症反应相关的基因变化，从长期来看，这可能引发免疫抑制。FM10饲料不仅呈现出与FM20（对照饲料）相似的表达，而且生长和存活情况也相似。因此，使用小麦面筋（WG）和豆粕（SBM）的植物蛋白混合物作为蛋白质来源，在该物种中90%的鱼粉替代率被证明是可行的。
