Ishii Tatsuyuki, Takashimizu Ikkei, Casco-Robles Martin Miguel, Taya Yuji, Yuzuriha Shunsuke, Toyama Fubito, Maruo Fumiaki, Kishi Kazuo, Chiba Chikafumi
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
Biomedicines. 2021 Dec 13;9(12):1892. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9121892.
In surgical and cosmetic studies, scarless regeneration is an ideal method to heal skin wounds. To study the technologies that enable scarless skin wound healing in medicine, animal models are useful. However, four-limbed vertebrates, including humans, generally lose their competency of scarless regeneration as they transit to their terrestrial life-stages through metamorphosis, hatching or birth. Therefore, animals that serve as a model for postnatal humans must be an exception to this rule, such as the newt. Here, we evaluated the adult newt in detail for the first time. Using a Japanese fire-bellied newt, , we excised the full-thickness skin at various locations on the body, and surveyed their re-epithelialization, granulation or dermal fibrosis, and recovery of texture and appendages as well as color (hue, tone and pattern) for more than two years. We found that the skin of adult newts eventually regenerated exceptionally well through unique processes of re-epithelialization and the absence of fibrotic scar formation, except for the dorsal-lateral to ventral skin whose unique color patterns never recovered. Color pattern is species-specific. Consequently, the adult provides an ideal model system for studies aimed at perfect skin wound healing and regeneration in postnatal humans.
在外科手术和美容研究中，无瘢痕再生是治疗皮肤伤口的理想方法。为了研究医学上实现皮肤无瘢痕愈合的技术，动物模型很有用。然而，包括人类在内的四足脊椎动物在通过变态、孵化或出生过渡到陆地生命阶段时，通常会失去无瘢痕再生的能力。因此，作为产后人类模型的动物必须是这条规则的例外，比如蝾螈。在这里，我们首次对成年蝾螈进行了详细评估。我们使用日本红腹蝾螈，在身体的不同部位切除全层皮肤，并对其再上皮化、肉芽形成或真皮纤维化、质地和附属器的恢复以及颜色（色调、明度和图案）进行了两年多的观察。我们发现，成年蝾螈的皮肤最终通过独特的再上皮化过程和无纤维化瘢痕形成而实现了极佳的再生，除了背外侧到腹侧的皮肤，其独特的颜色图案从未恢复。颜色图案是物种特异性的。因此，成年蝾螈为旨在实现产后人类完美皮肤伤口愈合和再生的研究提供了理想的模型系统。
