Jangho Architecture College, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
Rosedale Academy Shenyang Campus, Shenyang 110011, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 11;18(24):13070. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413070.
Efficient risk communication is aimed at improving the supply of risk information to meet the information needs of individuals, thus reducing their vulnerability when facing the risk of emergency. There is little information available in the literature regarding information preference from an individual's need perspective, and there is a lack of differentiation in evaluation between information need and supply. Under the guidance of the crisis stage analysis theory, using multiple response analysis and weighted analysis methods, this study explores earthquake disaster information content and communication channel preferences, and develops an information deviation index (IDI) to evaluate the efficiency of risk communication before, during, and after an earthquake. A questionnaire-based survey of 918 valid respondents in Songyuan, China, which had been hit by a small earthquake swarm, was conducted to provide practical evidence for this study. The results indicated the following. Firstly, the information needs of individuals are highly differentiated in the different stages of an earthquake. From pre-disaster to post-disaster, individuals show a shift in information need from "preparedness and response knowledge" to "disaster information", then to "disaster information and disaster relief information" in parallel, to "reconstruction and reflection information". Based on the above analysis, a composition of the main earthquake disaster information is proposed for different stages. Secondly, by measuring the values of the IDI, we found that most individuals' information needs were met for the earthquake. Thirdly, the TV and the internet were the two preferred commutation channels for acquiring disaster information from among all the effective channels in all the stages.
有效的风险沟通旨在提高风险信息的供给，以满足个人的信息需求，从而降低他们在面临紧急风险时的脆弱性。关于从个人需求角度来看信息偏好的文献资料很少，并且在信息需求和供给的评估方面缺乏区分。本研究以危机阶段分析理论为指导，采用多项反应分析和加权分析方法，探讨了地震灾害信息内容和沟通渠道偏好，并开发了信息偏差指数（IDI），以评估地震前、中和后的风险沟通效率。对遭受小震群袭击的中国松原市的 918 名有效受访者进行了基于问卷调查的调查，为该研究提供了实践证据。结果表明：首先，个人的信息需求在地震的不同阶段存在高度差异。从灾前到灾后，个人的信息需求从“备灾和响应知识”转变为“灾害信息”，然后平行转变为“灾害信息和救灾信息”，再转变为“重建和反思信息”。基于上述分析，为不同阶段提出了主要地震灾害信息的构成。其次，通过测量 IDI 的值，我们发现大多数个人的信息需求在地震中得到了满足。第三，电视和互联网是所有有效渠道中所有阶段获取灾害信息的两个首选交流渠道。
