Management and Marketing Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Business Management, Social & Business Research Laboratory, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 11;18(24):13098. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413098.
A so-called COVID-19 passport or Immunity passport (IP) has been proposed to facilitate the mobility of individuals while the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic persists. A COVID-19 passport can play a key role in the control of the pandemic, specifically in areas with a high density of population, and the help of smart city technology could be very useful to successfully implement IPs. This research studies the impact of ethical judgments on user attitudes toward using vaccine passports based on a Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES) that contains five ethical constructs: moral equity, relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, and contractualism. Regression analysis shows that MES satisfactorily explains attitude (R = 87.82%, < 0.001) and that a positive evaluation in moral equity, egoism and utilitarianism is significant ( < 0.001). The objective of the passport (variable leisure) shows a significant negative moderating effect on moral equity (coefficient = -0.147, = 0.0302) and a positive one on relativism (coefficient = 0.158, = 0.0287). Adjustment by means of fsQCA shows that five ethical constructs satisfactorily explain both favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward IPs. Solutions explaining acceptance attain an overall consistency (cons) = 0.871 and coverage (cov) = 0.980. In the case of resistance, we found that cons = 0.979 and cov = 0.775. However, that influence is asymmetrical. To have a positive attitude toward the passport, it is a sufficient condition to attain a positive evaluation on a single ethical factor. On the other hand, when explaining resistance, and with the exception of the recipe ~utilitarianism (cons = 0.911 and cov = 0.859), explanatory prime implications require the interaction of at least two variables. Likewise, the context in which the passport is required is significant to explain rejection.
所谓的 COVID-19 护照或免疫护照（IP）已被提议在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行持续期间为个人出行提供便利。COVID-19 护照在控制大流行方面可以发挥关键作用，特别是在人口密度高的地区，智慧城市技术的帮助可能非常有用，可以成功实施 IP。本研究使用包含道德公平、相对主义、利己主义、功利主义和契约主义五个伦理结构的多维伦理量表（MES），研究伦理判断对用户使用疫苗护照态度的影响。回归分析表明，MES 令人满意地解释了态度（R = 87.82%，<0.001），并且在道德公平、利己主义和功利主义方面的积极评价具有统计学意义（<0.001）。护照的目的（变量休闲）对道德公平（系数=-0.147，=0.0302）表现出显著的负调节作用，对相对主义（系数=0.158，=0.0287）表现出显著的正调节作用。通过 fsQCA 进行调整表明，五个伦理结构令人满意地解释了对 IP 的有利和不利态度。解释接受的解决方案达到了总体一致性（cons）=0.871 和覆盖率（cov）=0.980。在抵制的情况下，我们发现 cons = 0.979，cov = 0.775。然而，这种影响是不对称的。要对护照持积极态度，对单个伦理因素的积极评价是一个充分条件。另一方面，在解释抵制时，除了方案~功利主义（cons = 0.911，cov = 0.859）外，解释主要含义需要至少两个变量的相互作用。同样，需要护照的上下文对于解释拒绝也是重要的。
