Gong Yuxin, Zhu Wen, Sun Meili, Shi Lei
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China.
Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China.
Front Genet. 2021 Dec 8;12:813873. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.813873. eCollection 2021.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are usually located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. The transcripts of lncRNAs are >200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins. Compared with small RNAs, lncRNAs have longer sequences, more complex spatial structures, and more diverse and complex mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. LncRNAs are widely involved in the biological processes of cells, and in the occurrence and development of many human diseases. Many studies have shown that lncRNAs can induce the occurrence of diseases, and some lncRNAs undergo specific changes in tumor cells. Research into the roles of lncRNAs has covered the diagnosis of, for example, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and central nervous system diseases. The bioinformatics of lncRNAs has gradually become a research hotspot and has led to the discovery of a large number of lncRNAs and associated biological functions, and lncRNA databases and recognition models have been developed. In this review, the research progress of lncRNAs is discussed, and lncRNA-related databases and the mechanisms and modes of action of lncRNAs are described. In addition, disease-related lncRNA methods and the relationships between lncRNAs and human lung adenocarcinoma, rectal cancer, colon cancer, heart disease, and diabetes are discussed. Finally, the significance and existing problems of lncRNA research are considered.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）通常位于细胞的细胞核和细胞质中。lncRNAs的转录本长度大于200个核苷酸，且不编码蛋白质。与小RNA相比，lncRNAs具有更长的序列、更复杂的空间结构以及参与基因表达调控的更多样化和复杂的机制。LncRNAs广泛参与细胞的生物学过程以及许多人类疾病的发生和发展。许多研究表明，lncRNAs可诱导疾病的发生，并且一些lncRNAs在肿瘤细胞中会发生特异性变化。对lncRNAs作用的研究已涵盖例如心血管、脑血管和中枢神经系统疾病的诊断。LncRNAs的生物信息学已逐渐成为一个研究热点，并导致发现了大量的lncRNAs及其相关生物学功能，同时还开发了lncRNA数据库和识别模型。在本综述中，讨论了lncRNAs的研究进展，并描述了与lncRNA相关的数据库以及lncRNAs的作用机制和模式。此外，还讨论了与疾病相关的lncRNA方法以及lncRNAs与人类肺腺癌、直肠癌、结肠癌、心脏病和糖尿病之间的关系。最后，对lncRNA研究的意义和存在的问题进行了探讨。
