Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Value of Food, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warszawa, Poland.
Center of Cancer Prevention and Epidemiology OPEN, 61-863 Poznań, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 10;13(12):4420. doi: 10.3390/nu13124420.
Lack of consistency in the relationship between dairy products consumption and breast cancer (BC) risk motivated us to evaluate this association in a case-control study of BC among Polish women. The study includes 1699 women 26-79 years of age, 823 BC cases identified in Cancer Registries and 876 randomly selected controls from the national population registry. Using a validated, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the consumption of dairy products was collected for a time period of 10-15 years prior to BC diagnosis. We used logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders, to assess the relationship between total dairy consumption as well as individual dairy groups of milk, cottage cheese and hard cheese and BC risk for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. For total consumption, a significant decrease in BC risk was observed with increased consumption of one serving/week, OR = 0.98, 2% decrease in risk, for premenopausal women only. For milk, a significant decrease in BC risk was observed for an increase in consumption of one glass/week, OR = 0.95, 5% decrease, in both strata of menopause. In contrast, for hard cheese, a significant increase in the risk of 10% was observed only in premenopausal women, OR = 1.10. Cottage cheese consumption significantly reduced BC risk by 20%, OR = 0.80, for an increase in one serving/week for postmenopausal women only. Our results show that individual dairy products have a statistically significant but bi-directional relationship with BC risk, which differs for premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
乳制品消费与乳腺癌（BC）风险之间的关系缺乏一致性，这促使我们在一项针对波兰女性的 BC 病例对照研究中评估这种关联。该研究包括 1699 名年龄在 26-79 岁的女性，823 名 BC 病例是从癌症登记处确定的，876 名随机选择的对照来自全国人口登记处。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ），在 BC 诊断前 10-15 年期间收集乳制品的消费情况。我们使用逻辑回归，调整潜在混杂因素，评估总乳制品消费以及牛奶、奶酪和硬质奶酪等个别乳制品组与绝经前和绝经后妇女 BC 风险之间的关系。对于总消费，我们观察到随着每周消费一份的增加，BC 风险显著降低，OR = 0.98，风险降低 2%，仅适用于绝经前妇女。对于牛奶，我们观察到随着每周消费一杯的增加，BC 风险显著降低，OR = 0.95，绝经前后两个层次的风险降低 5%。相比之下，对于硬质奶酪，仅在绝经前妇女中观察到风险增加 10%，OR = 1.10。仅在绝经后妇女中，每周增加一份奶酪的摄入，可使 BC 风险显著降低 20%，OR = 0.80。我们的研究结果表明，个别乳制品与 BC 风险之间存在统计学上显著但双向的关系，这种关系因绝经前和绝经后妇女而异。
