Laboratory of Genetics and Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, 1250-047 Lisboa, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 16;13(12):4503. doi: 10.3390/nu13124503.
Arginine availability and activation of arginine-related pathways at cancer sites have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment, far beyond their well-known role in the hepatic urea cycle. Arginine metabolism impacts not only malignant cells but also the surrounding immune cells behavior, modulating growth, survival, and immunosurveillance mechanisms, either through an arginase-mediated effect on polyamines and proline synthesis, or by the arginine/nitric oxide pathway in tumor cells, antitumor T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. This review presents evidence concerning the impact of arginine metabolism and arginase activity in the prostate cancer microenvironment, highlighting the recent advances in immunotherapy, which might be relevant for prostate cancer. Even though further research is required, arginine deprivation may represent a novel antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of arginine-dependent prostate cancer.
精氨酸的可用性以及其在肿瘤部位相关途径的激活，对肿瘤微环境有深远的影响，远远超出了其在肝脏尿素循环中的作用。精氨酸代谢不仅影响恶性细胞，还调节周围免疫细胞的行为，调节生长、存活和免疫监视机制，或通过精氨酸酶对多胺和脯氨酸合成的影响，或通过肿瘤细胞、抗肿瘤 T 细胞、髓系来源的抑制细胞和巨噬细胞中的精氨酸/一氧化氮途径。这篇综述介绍了精氨酸代谢和精氨酸酶活性在前列腺癌微环境中的影响的证据，强调了免疫疗法的最新进展，这可能与前列腺癌相关。尽管还需要进一步的研究，但精氨酸剥夺可能代表一种治疗依赖精氨酸的前列腺癌的新型代谢物策略。
