Ochieng Candy, Anand Sabrita, Mutwiri George, Szafron Michael, Alphonsus Khrisha
School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Dec 7;9(12):1445. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121445.
Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten greatest threats to global health. During the COVID-19 era, vaccine hesitancy poses substantial risks, especially in visible minorities, who are disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Although evidence of vaccine hesitancy exists, there is minimal focus on visible minorities and the reasons for hesitancy in this group are unclear. Identifying these populations and their reasons for vaccine hesitancy is crucial in improving vaccine uptake and curbing the spread of COVID-19. This scoping review follows a modified version of the Arksey and O'Malley strategy. Using comprehensive search strategies, advanced searches were conducted on Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed databases to acquire relevant articles. Full-text reviews using inclusion and exclusion criteria were performed to extract themes of vaccine hesitancy. Themes were grouped into factors using thematic qualitative analysis and were objectively confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). To complement both analyses, a word cloud of titles and abstracts for the final articles was generated. This study included 71 articles. Themes were grouped into 8 factors and the top 3 recurring factors were safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, mistrust, and socioeconomic characteristics. Shedding light on these factors could help mitigate health inequities and increase overall vaccine uptake worldwide through interventions and policies targeted at these factors. Ultimately, this would help achieve global herd immunity.
疫苗犹豫是全球健康面临的十大最大威胁之一。在新冠疫情时代，疫苗犹豫带来了巨大风险，尤其是在少数族裔中，他们受疫情的影响尤为严重。尽管存在疫苗犹豫的证据，但对少数族裔的关注极少，且该群体犹豫的原因尚不清楚。识别这些人群及其疫苗犹豫的原因对于提高疫苗接种率和遏制新冠病毒传播至关重要。本综述采用了Arksey和O'Malley策略的修改版。通过综合检索策略，在Medline、CINAHL和PubMed数据库中进行了高级检索以获取相关文章。使用纳入和排除标准进行全文综述，以提取疫苗犹豫的主题。通过主题定性分析将主题分组为因素，并通过主成分分析（PCA）进行客观确认。为补充这两种分析，生成了最终文章标题和摘要的词云。本研究纳入了71篇文章。主题被分为8个因素，其中反复出现的前3个因素是疫苗的安全性和有效性、不信任以及社会经济特征。阐明这些因素有助于通过针对这些因素的干预措施和政策来减少健康不平等现象，并提高全球总体疫苗接种率。最终，这将有助于实现全球群体免疫。
