National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.
Espace-Dev, UMR D-228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Dec 28;15(12):e0009996. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009996. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. The infection affects people's health and safety as well as agropastoral sector. In China, human echinococcosis is a major public health burden, especially in western China. Echinococcosis affects people health as well as agricultural and pastoral economy. Therefore, it is important to understand the prevalence status and spatial distribution of human echinococcosis in order to advance our knowledge of basic information for prevention and control measures reinforcement.
Report data on echinococcosis were collected in 370 counties in China in 2018 and were used to assess prevalence and spatial distribution. SPSS 21.0 was used to obtain the prevalence rate for CE and AE. For statistical analyses and mapping, all data were processed using SPSS 21.0 and ArcGIS 10.4, respectively. Chi-square test and Exact probability method were used to assess spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering.
A total of 47,278 cases of echinococcosis were recorded in 2018 in 370 endemic counties in China. The prevalence rate of human echinococcosis was 10.57 per 10,000. Analysis of the disease prevalence showed obvious spatial positive autocorrelation in globle spatial autocorrelation with two aggregation modes in local spatial autocorrelation, namely high-high and low-high aggregation areas. The high-high gathering areas were mainly concentrated in northern Tibet, western Qinghai, and Ganzi in the Tibetan Autonomous Region and in Sichuan. The low-high clusters were concentrated in Gamba, Kangma and Yadong counties of Tibet. In addition, spatial scanning analysis revealed two spatial clusters. One type of spatial clusters included 71 counties in Tibet Autonomous Region, 22 counties in Qinghai, 11 counties in Sichuan, three counties in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, two counties in Yunnan, and one county in Gansu. In the second category, six types of spatial clusters were observed in the counties of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the Qinghai, Gansu, and Sichuan Provinces.
This study showed a serious prevalence of human echinococcosis with obvious spatial aggregation of the disease prevalence in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the "hot spot" area of human echinococcosis in China. Findings from this study indicate that there is an urgent need of joint strategies to strengthen efforts for the prevention and control of echinococcosis in China, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
包虫病是一种由绦虫幼虫引起的人畜共患寄生虫病，属棘球蚴属。这种感染会影响人们的健康和安全，以及农牧区。在中国，人类包虫病是一个主要的公共卫生负担，特别是在中国西部。包虫病影响人们的健康以及农业和畜牧业经济。因此，了解人类包虫病的流行状况和空间分布对于加强我们对预防和控制措施的基本信息的了解非常重要。
2018 年在中国 370 个流行县收集包虫病报告数据，评估流行率和空间分布。采用 SPSS 21.0 获得 CE 和 AE 的流行率。采用 SPSS 21.0 和 ArcGIS 10.4 分别对统计分析和制图进行处理。采用卡方检验和确切概率法评估空间自相关和空间聚类。
2018 年，在中国 370 个流行县共记录 47278 例包虫病，人群包虫病患病率为 10.57/10000。疾病流行率分析显示，全球空间自相关呈明显的空间正自相关，局部空间自相关存在两种聚集模式，即高-高聚集区和低-高聚集区。高-高聚集区主要集中在西藏北部、青海西部和西藏自治区的甘孜和阿坝地区，以及四川。低-高聚类主要集中在西藏的加玛、康马和亚东三县。此外，空间扫描分析揭示了两个空间集群。一种类型的空间集群包括西藏自治区的 71 个县、青海省的 22 个县、四川省的 11 个县、新疆维吾尔自治区的 3 个县、云南省的 2 个县和甘肃省的 1 个县。在第二类中，观察到新疆维吾尔自治区、青海、甘肃和四川三省的六个类型的空间集群。
本研究表明，中国的包虫病流行率严重，疾病流行率呈明显的空间聚集。青藏高原是中国包虫病的“热点”地区。研究结果表明，中国急需联合战略加强包虫病的预防和控制，特别是在青藏高原。
