Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Phys Ther. 2022 Mar 1;102(3). doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzab299.
Identifying muscle weakness and probable sarcopenia using strength tests requires reference data. This study aimed to provide age- and sex-specific normative data for grip strength and common variations of the Sit-to-Stand (STS) test: time to complete 5 stands (5x-STS) and number of stands completed in 30 seconds (30s-STS). Predictors of test performance were also explored.
Dominant hand grip strength was assessed in adults (age = 18-80 years) using a digital dynamometer, and 5x-STS and 30s-STS performance were assessed synchronously during a single 30-second test. Sex-specific centile curves were generated using the lambda-mu-sigma method.
Data from 2301 participants (female = 1682, male = 619) were included. Peak median grip strength occurred in female participants at 33.9 years of age (27.9 kg) and in male participants at 37.6 years of age (47.2 kg). 5x-STS and 30s-STS performance peaked at the youngest age (18.0 years) in both female participants (8.16 seconds and 17.2 repetitions) and male participants (8.02 seconds and 17.7 repetitions). Test performances were lowest for all tests at the oldest age in the database. Predictors of better test performance included lower age and higher self-reported physical functioning and appendicular skeletal muscle mass, to name a few. White participants had better performance than Black participants on the STS tests.
The generated centile curves reveal the pattern of change in muscle strength for tests recommended to identify probable sarcopenia. The curves can be used in rehabilitation to assess an individual's performance relative to sex- and age-specific norms. To aid use of the data, a downloadable Excel-based calculator is provided to compute participant-specific percentiles, z scores, and t scores for each outcome and plot performance on the centile curves.
Physical therapists have an important role in identifying and treating individuals with sarcopenia and other causes of muscle weakness. The reference data provided for common clinical muscle strength tests provide therapists an ability to assess an individual's relative performance.
Knowing the normal or expected strength for an individual's age and sex is essential to identifying muscle weakness. This study provides age- and sex-specific normal values for hand grip strength and sit-to-stand tests in adults aged 18 to 80 years.
使用力量测试识别肌肉无力和可能的肌肉减少症需要参考数据。本研究旨在提供握力和常见坐站测试（STS）变体的年龄和性别特异性参考数据：完成 5 次站立（5x-STS）的时间和 30 秒内完成的站立次数（30s-STS）。还探讨了测试表现的预测因素。
使用数字测力计评估成年人（年龄为 18-80 岁）的惯用手握力，并在 30 秒内同步进行 5x-STS 和 30s-STS 性能评估。使用 lambda-mu-sigma 方法生成性别特异性百分位曲线。
纳入了 2301 名参与者的数据（女性=1682，男性=619）。女性参与者的最大中位数握力出现在 33.9 岁（27.9 公斤），男性参与者出现在 37.6 岁（47.2 公斤）。在女性参与者（8.02 秒和 17.7 次重复）和男性参与者（8.02 秒和 17.7 次重复）中，5x-STS 和 30s-STS 性能在最年轻的年龄达到峰值（18.0 岁）。在数据库中，所有测试的表现均随着年龄的增长而降低。更好的测试表现的预测因素包括年龄较小、自我报告的身体功能和四肢骨骼肌质量较高等。白人参与者在 STS 测试中的表现优于黑人参与者。
生成的百分位曲线揭示了推荐用于识别可能的肌肉减少症的测试中肌肉力量变化的模式。这些曲线可用于康复中，以评估个体相对于性别和年龄特异性标准的表现。为了方便使用数据，还提供了一个可下载的基于 Excel 的计算器，用于计算每个结果的参与者特定百分位、z 分数和 t 分数，并绘制在百分位曲线上的表现。
物理治疗师在识别和治疗肌肉减少症和其他肌肉无力的个体方面发挥着重要作用。为常见临床肌肉力量测试提供的参考数据使治疗师能够评估个体的相对表现。
了解个体年龄和性别对应的正常或预期力量对于识别肌肉无力至关重要。本研究提供了 18 至 80 岁成年人的握力和坐站测试的年龄和性别特异性正常值。
