Rhodes Ryan E
Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2021 Dec 15;12:797484. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797484. eCollection 2021.
The gap between the decision to engage in physical activity and subsequent behavioral enactment is considerable for many. Action control theories focus on this discordance in an attempt to improve the translation of intention into behavior. The purpose of this mini-review was to overview one of these approaches, the multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework, which has evolved from a collection of previous works. The main concepts and operational structure of M-PAC was overviewed followed by applications of the framework in physical activity, and concluded with unanswered questions, limitations, and possibilities for future research. In M-PAC, it is suggested that three layered processes (reflective, regulatory, reflexive) build upon each other from the formation of an intention to a sustained profile of physical activity action control. Intention-behavior discordance is because of strategic challenges in goal pursuit (differences in outcome vs. behavioral goals; balancing multiple behavioral goals) and automatic tendencies (approach-avoidance, conservation of energy expenditure). Regulatory processes (prospective and reactive tactics) are employed to hold the relationship between reflective processes and behavior concordant by countering these strategic challenges and automatic tendencies until the development of reflexive processes (habit, identity) begin to co-determine action control. Results from 29 observational and preliminary experimental studies generally support the proposed M-PAC framework. Future research is needed to explore the temporal dynamic between reflexive and regulatory constructs, and implement M-PAC interventions in different forms (e.g., mobile health), and at different levels of scale (clinical, group, population).
对于许多人来说，决定参与体育活动与随后实际行动之间的差距相当大。行动控制理论关注这种不一致性，试图改善意图向行为的转化。本小型综述的目的是概述其中一种方法——多过程行动控制（M-PAC）框架，该框架是从以前的一系列研究发展而来的。文中首先概述了M-PAC的主要概念和运作结构，接着介绍了该框架在体育活动中的应用，最后提出了未解决的问题、局限性以及未来研究的可能性。在M-PAC中，有人提出三个层次的过程（反思性、调节性、反射性）相互依存，从意图的形成到体育活动行动控制的持续状态。意图与行为的不一致是由于目标追求中的策略性挑战（结果目标与行为目标的差异；平衡多个行为目标）和自动倾向（趋近-回避、能量消耗守恒）。调节过程（前瞻性和反应性策略）通过应对这些策略性挑战和自动倾向，使反思过程与行为之间的关系保持一致，直到反射性过程（习惯、身份认同）开始共同决定行动控制。29项观察性和初步实验研究的结果总体上支持了所提出的M-PAC框架。未来需要开展研究，以探索反射性和调节性结构之间的时间动态，并以不同形式（如移动健康）和不同规模水平（临床、群体、人群）实施M-PAC干预措施。
