Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Apr 1;815:152756. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152756. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
With the continuous increase in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture production, the widespread use of antibiotics as a means of preventing and treating diseases has adversely affected the environment, animal health and symbiotic microorganisms in gut environments. At the same time, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a great threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Therefore, in the present study, the occurrence and distribution of 17 antibiotics, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in the guts of shrimp collected from 12 coastal regions of China. The results showed that sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were detectable in the guts of L. vannamei at all sampling sites. Sul1, sul2, floR and intI-1 were also detected in the guts of L. vannamei at all sampling sites. The total relative abundances of ARGs and MGEs were significantly positively correlated according to Pearson correlation analysis. Sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) were significantly positively correlated with intI-1. These results indicated that MGEs could increase the risk of horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in a gut environment. MGEs are the most important factors promoting the spread of ARGs. Correlation analysis showed that sulfadiazine was significantly positively correlated with sul1 and sul2 and that fluoroquinolone antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with floR, indicating that antibiotics could induce the production of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that Iamia and Alkaliphilus species may harbor the most antibiotic resistance genes, and these bacteria were closely related to the proliferation and spread of ARGs in a gut environment. Antibiotic use and the spread of ARGs in mariculture systems may have negative effects on shrimp and human health. The use of antibiotics should be strictly regulated to control contaminants in mariculture systems, including pathogens and ARGs, thereby reducing potential risks to human health.
随着南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）养殖产量的不断增加，抗生素作为预防和治疗疾病的手段被广泛应用，这对环境、动物健康和肠道环境中的共生微生物产生了不利影响。同时，抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）在水产养殖中广泛存在，对水生生物和人类构成了巨大威胁。因此，本研究检测了来自中国 12 个沿海地区的虾肠道中 17 种抗生素、ARGs 和移动遗传元件（MGEs）的发生和分布情况。结果表明，磺胺嘧啶、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星在所有采样点的虾肠道中均可检出。在所有采样点的虾肠道中也检测到 Sul1、sul2、floR 和 intI-1。根据 Pearson 相关性分析，ARGs 和 MGEs 的总相对丰度呈显著正相关。磺胺类耐药基因（sul1 和 sul2）与 intI-1 呈显著正相关。这些结果表明，MGEs 可能会增加肠道环境中 ARGs 水平基因转移的风险。MGEs 是促进 ARGs 传播的最重要因素。相关性分析表明，磺胺嘧啶与 sul1 和 sul2 呈显著正相关，氟喹诺酮类抗生素与 floR 呈显著正相关，表明抗生素可以诱导 ARGs 的产生。网络分析表明，Iamia 和 Alkaliphilus 属可能携带最多的抗生素耐药基因，这些细菌与肠道环境中 ARGs 的增殖和传播密切相关。抗生素的使用和水产养殖系统中 ARGs 的传播可能对虾和人类健康产生负面影响。应严格规范抗生素的使用，以控制水产养殖系统中的污染物，包括病原体和 ARGs，从而降低对人类健康的潜在风险。
