Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China.
School of Life Science and Technology, South Campus, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7168 Weixing Street, Changchun 130022, PR China.
J Control Release. 2022 Mar;343:152-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.036. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
The immune system maintains homeostasis and protects the body from pathogens, mutated cells, and other harmful substances. When immune homeostasis is disrupted, excessive autoimmunity will lead to diseases. To inhibit the unexpected immune responses and reduce the impact of treatment on immunoprotective functions, polymer nanotherapeutics, such as nanomedicines, nanovaccines, and nanodecoys, were developed as part of an advanced strategy for precise immunomodulation. Nanomedicines transport cytotoxic drugs to target sites to reduce the occurrence of side effects and increase the stability and bioactivity of various immunomodulating agents, especially nucleic acids and cytokines. In addition, polymer nanomaterials carrying autoantigens used as nanovaccines can induce antigen-specific immune tolerance without interfering with protective immune responses. The precise immunomodulatory function of nanovaccines has broad prospects for the treatment of immune related-diseases. Besides, nanodecoys, which are designed to protect the body from various pathogenic substances by intravenous administration, are simple and relatively noninvasive treatments. Herein, we have discussed and predicted the application of polymer nanotherapeutics in the correction of autoimmunity, including treating autoimmune diseases, controlling hypersensitivity, and avoiding transplant rejection.
免疫系统维持着体内的生理平衡，保护人体免受病原体、突变细胞和其他有害物质的侵害。当免疫稳态被打破时，过度的自身免疫会导致疾病。为了抑制意外的免疫反应，并减少治疗对免疫保护功能的影响，人们开发了聚合物纳米疗法，如纳米药物、纳米疫苗和纳米诱饵，作为精确免疫调节的先进策略的一部分。纳米药物将细胞毒性药物输送到靶部位，以减少副作用的发生，并提高各种免疫调节剂，特别是核酸和细胞因子的稳定性和生物活性。此外，作为纳米疫苗的载有自身抗原的聚合物纳米材料可以诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受，而不干扰保护性免疫反应。纳米疫苗的精确免疫调节功能为治疗免疫相关性疾病提供了广阔的前景。此外，通过静脉注射设计的纳米诱饵可以防止身体受到各种致病物质的侵害，是一种简单且相对无创的治疗方法。在此，我们讨论并预测了聚合物纳米疗法在纠正自身免疫中的应用，包括治疗自身免疫性疾病、控制过敏反应和避免移植排斥反应。
