Han Ruifang, Xiao Yu, Bai Qianqian, Choi Chung Hang Jonathan
Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 May;13(5):1847-1865. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.009. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
Inflammatory diseases are key contributors to high mortality globally and adversely affect the quality of life. Current treatments include corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories that may cause systemic toxicity and biologics that may increase the risk of infection. Composite nanoparticles that bear not only the drug payload but also targeting ligands for delivery to inflammation sites at lowered systemic toxicity are established in the nanomedicine field, but their relatively large size often leads to systemic clearance. Metal-based nanoparticles with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties represent attractive alternatives. They are not only designed to be compact for crossing biological barriers (with the nanoparticle serving as a dual carrier and drug), but also support label-free tracking of their interactions with cells. The review commences with an outline of the common inflammatory diseases, inflammatory pathways involved, and conventional drug-loaded nanoparticles for anti-inflammation. Next, the review features the emerging applications of self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles ( gold, coper oxide, platinum, ceria, and zinc oxide) for managing inflammatory diseases in animals over the past three years, focusing on therapeutic outcomes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The review concludes with an outlook on the biodistribution, long-term toxicity, and clinical translation of self-therapeutic metal-based nanoparticles.
炎症性疾病是全球高死亡率的主要促成因素，并对生活质量产生不利影响。目前的治疗方法包括可能导致全身毒性的皮质类固醇或非甾体抗炎药，以及可能增加感染风险的生物制剂。在纳米医学领域，已开发出不仅携带药物载荷而且带有靶向配体以降低全身毒性并递送至炎症部位的复合纳米颗粒，但其相对较大的尺寸常常导致全身清除。具有内在抗炎特性的金属基纳米颗粒是有吸引力的替代方案。它们不仅设计得较为紧凑以便穿越生物屏障（纳米颗粒同时作为双重载体和药物），而且支持对其与细胞相互作用进行无标记追踪。本文综述首先概述了常见的炎症性疾病、涉及的炎症途径以及用于抗炎的传统载药纳米颗粒。接下来，本文综述重点介绍了在过去三年中，用于治疗动物炎症性疾病的具有自我治疗功能的金属基纳米颗粒（金、氧化铜、铂、二氧化铈和氧化锌）的新兴应用，重点关注治疗效果和抗炎机制。本文综述最后展望了具有自我治疗功能的金属基纳米颗粒的生物分布、长期毒性和临床转化。
