Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Mar;182:114108. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114108. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
Within the past decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. Besides EVs, exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) derived from plants were also emerging. Comparing to EVs, ELNs are source-widespread, cost-effective and easy to obtain. Their definite activities can be utilized for potential prevention/treatment of an abundance of diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cancer, colitis, alcoholic hepatitis and infectious diseases, which highlights ELNs as promising biotherapeutics. In addition, the potential of ELNs as natural or engineered drug carriers is also attractive. In this review, we tease out the timeline of plant EVs and ELNs, introduce the arising separation, purification and characterization techniques, state the stability and transport manner, discuss the therapeutic opportunities as well as the potential as novel drug carriers. Finally, the challenges and the direction of efforts to realize the clinical transformation of ELNs are also discussed.
在过去的几十年中，细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 已成为原核生物和高等真核生物中细胞间通讯的重要介质，以调节多种生物过程。除了 EVs，植物来源的类外泌体纳米颗粒 (ELNs) 也开始出现。与 EVs 相比，ELNs 来源广泛、成本效益高且易于获取。它们明确的活性可用于预防/治疗大量疾病，包括代谢综合征、癌症、结肠炎、酒精性肝炎和传染病，这凸显了 ELNs 作为有前途的生物疗法的潜力。此外，ELNs 作为天然或工程药物载体的潜力也很有吸引力。在这篇综述中，我们梳理了植物 EVs 和 ELNs 的时间线，介绍了新兴的分离、纯化和表征技术，阐述了它们的稳定性和运输方式，讨论了作为治疗机会以及作为新型药物载体的潜力。最后，还讨论了实现 ELNs 临床转化的挑战和努力方向。
