Hagger Martin S
Department of Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2021 Dec 26;10(1):1-21. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2021.2012474. eCollection 2022.
Identification of widespread biases present in reported research findings in many scientific disciplines, including psychology, such as failures to replicate and the likely extensive application of questionable research practices, has raised serious concerns over the reliability and trustworthiness of scientific research. This has led to the development of, and advocacy for, 'open science' practices, including data, materials, analysis, and output sharing, pre-registration of study predictions and analysis plans, and increased access to published research findings. Implementation of such practices has been enthusiastic in some quarters, but literacy in, and adoption of, these practices has lagged behind among many researchers in the scientific community.
In the current article I propose that researchers adopt an open science 'mindset', a comprehensive approach to open science predicated on researchers' operating under the basic assumption that, wherever possible, open science practices will be a central component of all steps of their research projects. The primary, defining feature of the mindset is a commitment to open science principles in all research projects from inception to dissemination. Other features of the mindset include the assumption that all components of research projects (e.g. pre-registered hypotheses, protocols, materials, analysis plans, data, and output) will be accessible broadly; pro-active selection of open fora to disseminate research components and findings; open and transparent dissemination of reports of the research findings in advance of, and after, formal publication; and active promotion of open science practices through education, modeling, and advocacy.
The open science mindset is a 'farm to fork' approach to open science aimed at promoting comprehensive quality in application of open science, and widening participation in open science practices so that they become the norm in research in health psychology and behavioral medicine going forward.
在包括心理学在内的许多科学学科中，已报告的研究结果中存在广泛的偏差，如无法重复以及可能广泛应用有问题的研究方法，这引发了人们对科学研究可靠性和可信度的严重担忧。这导致了“开放科学”实践的发展和倡导，包括数据、材料、分析和成果共享，研究预测和分析计划的预注册，以及增加对已发表研究结果的获取。在某些方面，此类实践的实施热情高涨，但科学界许多研究人员对这些实践的了解和采用却滞后了。
在当前文章中，我提议研究人员采用一种开放科学“思维模式”，这是一种全面的开放科学方法，其前提是研究人员在基本假设下开展工作，即只要有可能，开放科学实践将成为其研究项目所有步骤的核心组成部分。这种思维模式的主要定义特征是在从研究项目开始到传播的所有阶段都致力于开放科学原则。这种思维模式的其他特征包括假设研究项目的所有组成部分（如预注册的假设、方案、材料、分析计划、数据和成果）将广泛可用；积极选择开放论坛来传播研究组成部分和成果；在正式发表之前和之后公开透明地传播研究结果报告；以及通过教育、示范和倡导积极推广开放科学实践。
开放科学思维模式是一种从“农场到餐桌”的开放科学方法，旨在提高开放科学应用的全面质量，并扩大开放科学实践的参与度，使它们在未来成为健康心理学和行为医学研究的规范。
