Salter Metin Ege, Duymaç Firat Yavuz, Yilmaz Onurcan, Bahçekapili Hasan G, Harma Mehmet
Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Cibali, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Curr Psychol. 2022 Jan 3:1-13. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-02557-y.
Previous research suggests that conservatives (right-wingers) tend to show more negativity bias than liberals (left-wingers) in several tasks. However, the majority of these studies are based on correlational findings and do not provide information on the cognitive underpinnings of this tendency. The current research investigated whether intuition promotes negativity bias and mitigates the ideological asymmetry in this domain in three underrepresented, non-western samples (Turkey). In line with the previous literature, we defined negativity bias as the tendency to interpret ambiguous faces as threatening. The results of the lab experiment revealed that negativity bias increases under high-cognitive load overall. In addition, this effect was moderated by the participants' political orientation (Experiment 1). In other words, when their cognitive resources were depleted, liberals became more like conservatives in terms of negativity bias. However, we failed to conceptually replicate this effect using time-limit manipulations in two online preregistered experiments during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the baseline negativity bias is thought to be already at peak. Thus, the findings provide no strong evidence for the idea that intuition promotes negativity bias and that liberals use cognitive effort to avoid this perceptual bias.
先前的研究表明，在多项任务中，保守派（右翼人士）往往比自由派（左翼人士）表现出更多的消极偏见。然而，这些研究大多基于相关性发现，并未提供关于这种倾向的认知基础的信息。当前的研究调查了直觉是否会促进消极偏见，并在三个代表性不足的非西方样本（土耳其）中减轻这一领域的意识形态不对称。与先前的文献一致，我们将消极偏见定义为将模棱两可的面孔解读为具有威胁性的倾向。实验室实验的结果表明，总体而言，在高认知负荷下消极偏见会增加。此外，这种效应受到参与者政治倾向的调节（实验1）。换句话说，当他们的认知资源被耗尽时，自由派在消极偏见方面变得更像保守派。然而，在新冠疫情期间的两项在线预注册实验中，我们未能通过限时操作从概念上重现这种效应，在这些实验中，基线消极偏见被认为已经处于峰值。因此，这些发现没有为直觉促进消极偏见以及自由派利用认知努力来避免这种感知偏见这一观点提供有力证据。
