Papale Flavia, Santonocito Simona, Polizzi Alessandro, Giudice Antonino Lo, Capodiferro Saverio, Favia Gianfranco, Isola Gaetano
Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy.
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Metabolites. 2022 Jul 12;12(7):638. doi: 10.3390/metabo12070638.
Nowadays, with the development of new and highly sensitive, blood is not the only medium of choice for the diagnosis of several diseases and pathological conditions. Saliva is now considered a safe and non-invasive sample to study oral and systemic diseases, showing great diagnostic potential. According to several recent studies, saliva has emerged as an emerging biofluid for the early diagnosis of several diseases, indicated as a mirror of oral and systemic health and a valuable source of clinically relevant information. Indeed, several studies have observed that saliva is useful for detecting and diagnosing malignant tumours, human immunodeficiency virus, heart disease, and autoimmune diseases. The growing realisation that saliva is an inexhaustible source of information has led to the coining of the term 'Salivaomics', which includes five "omics" in connection with the main constituents of saliva: genome and epigenome, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics and microbiota. All those may be changed by disease state, so they offer significant advantages in the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral diseases. The aim of the present review isto update and highlight the new frontiers of salivaomics in diagnosing and managing oral disorders, such as periodontitis, premalignant disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
如今，随着新型高灵敏度技术的发展，血液已不是诊断多种疾病和病理状况的唯一选择介质。唾液如今被视为一种用于研究口腔和全身疾病的安全且非侵入性的样本，展现出巨大的诊断潜力。根据最近的多项研究，唾液已成为一种用于多种疾病早期诊断的新兴生物流体，被视为口腔和全身健康的一面镜子以及临床相关信息的宝贵来源。的确，多项研究已观察到唾液可用于检测和诊断恶性肿瘤、人类免疫缺陷病毒、心脏病及自身免疫性疾病。人们越来越意识到唾液是一个取之不尽的信息源，这导致了“唾液组学”一词的出现，它涵盖了与唾液主要成分相关的五个“组学”：基因组和表观基因组学、转录组学、代谢组学、脂质组学、蛋白质组学和微生物组学。所有这些都可能因疾病状态而改变，因此它们在口腔疾病的早期诊断和预后方面具有显著优势。本综述的目的是更新并突出唾液组学在诊断和管理口腔疾病（如牙周炎、癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌）方面的新前沿。
