Department of Bioaerosols, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 31;23(1):442. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010442.
Among the risk factors affecting the development of cancer, nutritional factors occupy a significant place. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BME), used for ages in folk medicine, are nowadays used in the prevention of many diseases and as ingredients of dietary supplements. Despite numerous publications on these raw materials or their active substances, their mechanism of action in various pathological states has not been recognized yet, nor has the safety of their simultaneous use been evaluated. The study aimed to assess how dietary supplementation with either PSO, with BME, or both, affects fatty acids' profiles and their metabolism in hepatic microsomes, as well as the activity of selected microsomal enzymes (COX-2 and CYP1B1). Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were divided into eight parallel experimental groups, differing in applied dietary modifications (control, PSO, BME and both PSO and BME) and introduction of chemical carcinogen-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]nthracene. Obtained results indicated the pronounced effect of the cancerous process on lipid metabolism and demonstrated the antagonistic effect of applied dietary supplements on the content of individual fatty acids and the activity of CYP1B1 and COX-2. The applied broad analytical approach and chemometric data analysis confirmed that raw materials, for which potential cancer prevention has been previously demonstrated, may differ in effects depending on the coexisting pathological state.
在影响癌症发展的诸多风险因素中，营养因素占有重要地位。石榴籽油（PSO）和苦瓜提取物（BME）在民间医学中已有悠久的应用历史，如今被用于预防许多疾病，并作为膳食补充剂的成分。尽管有大量关于这些原料或其活性物质的出版物，但它们在各种病理状态下的作用机制尚未得到认可，同时使用的安全性也尚未得到评估。本研究旨在评估膳食补充 PSO、BME 或两者对肝微粒体中脂肪酸谱及其代谢以及选定的微粒体酶（COX-2 和 CYP1B1）活性的影响。实验动物（Sprague-Dawley 大鼠）分为八个平行实验组，实验组之间的差异在于应用的饮食变化（对照、PSO、BME 和 PSO 和 BME 两者）和化学致癌剂-7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽的引入。研究结果表明，癌变过程对脂质代谢有明显影响，并表明应用的膳食补充剂对个体脂肪酸含量和 CYP1B1 和 COX-2 活性有拮抗作用。所应用的广泛分析方法和化学计量数据分析证实，先前已证明具有潜在癌症预防作用的原料可能因共存的病理状态而产生不同的效果。
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