中国香格里拉地上生物量的时空变化及其驱动因素。
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Aboveground Biomass of and Its Drivers in Shangri-La, CHINA.
机构信息
Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 30;19(1):400. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010400.
Understanding the drivers of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential to further understanding the forest carbon cycle. In the upper Yangtze River region, where ecosystems are incredibly fragile, the driving factors that make AGB changes differ from other regions. This study aims to investigate AGB's spatial and temporal variation of in Shangri-La and decompose the direct and indirect effects of spatial attribute, climate, stand structure, and agricultural activity on AGB in Shangri-La to evaluate the degree of influence of each factor on AGB change. The continuous sample plots from National Forest Inventory (NFI) and Landsat time series were used to estimate the AGB in 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the different effects of the four factors on AGB based on five scales: entire, 1987-2002, 2007-2017, low population density, and high population density. The results are as follows: (1) The AGB of in Shangri-La decreased from 1987 to 2017, with the total amount falling from 9.52 million tons to 7.41 million tons, and the average AGB falling from 55.49 t/ha to 40.10 t/ha. (2) At different scales, stand structure and climate were the drivers that directly affect the AGB change. In contrast, the agricultural activity had a negative direct effect on the AGB change, and spatial attribute had a relatively small indirect effect on the AGB change. (3) Analyzing the SEM results at different scales, the change of the contribution of the agricultural activity indicates that human activity is the main negative driver of AGB change in Shangri-La, especially at the high population density region. In contrast, the change of the contribution of the stand structure and climate indicates that the loss of old trees has an important influence on the AGB change. Forest resources here and other ecologically fragile areas should be gradually restored by adhering to policies, such as strengthening forest protection, improving forest stand quality, and limiting agricultural production activities.
理解森林地上生物量（AGB）的驱动因素对于进一步了解森林碳循环至关重要。在上扬子江地区，生态系统极其脆弱，导致 AGB 变化的驱动因素与其他地区不同。本研究旨在调查香格里拉的 AGB 的时空变化，并分解空间属性、气候、林分结构和农业活动对香格里拉 AGB 的直接和间接影响，以评估每个因素对 AGB 变化的影响程度。本研究使用来自全国森林清查（NFI）和陆地卫星时间序列的连续样地来估计 1987 年、1992 年、1997 年、2002 年、2007 年、2012 年和 2017 年的 AGB。结构方程模型（SEM）用于分析四个因素对 AGB 的不同影响，基于五个尺度：整体、1987-2002 年、2007-2017 年、低人口密度和高人口密度。结果如下：（1）香格里拉的 AGB 从 1987 年到 2017 年减少，总量从 952 万吨减少到 741 万吨，平均 AGB 从 55.49 吨/公顷减少到 40.10 吨/公顷。（2）在不同的尺度上，林分结构和气候是直接影响 AGB 变化的驱动因素。相比之下，农业活动对 AGB 变化有负向的直接影响，空间属性对 AGB 变化的间接影响相对较小。（3）分析不同尺度的 SEM 结果，农业活动贡献的变化表明，人类活动是香格里拉 AGB 变化的主要负面驱动因素，尤其是在人口密度较高的地区。相比之下，林分结构和气候贡献的变化表明，老树的减少对 AGB 变化有重要影响。这里的森林资源和其他生态脆弱地区应通过坚持政策，如加强森林保护、提高森林林分质量和限制农业生产活动，逐步得到恢复。
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