Phytochemical Profile, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Fresh and Air-Dried Essential Oils.

(Danin and Hedge) Bräuchler is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family that was discovered and classified in 1998. This green herb is restricted to the mountains overlooking the Dead Sea, specifically in Jordan's southwest, the Edom mountains, and the Tubas mountains in Palestine. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of essential oil (EO) of air-dried and fresh resulted in the identification of 30 and 42 phytochemicals accounting for 99.56 and 98.64% of the EO, respectively. Thymol (46.07 ± 1.1 and 40.64 ± 1.21%) was the major compound, followed by its biosynthetic precursors -terpinene (21.15 ± 1.05% and 20.65 ± 1.12%), and -cymene (15.02 ± 1.02% and 11.51 ± 0.97%), respectively. Microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial property of EOs against (ATCC 25923), clinical isolate Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA), (ATCC 700221) (ATCC 13883), (ATCC 700221), (ATCC 25922) and (ATCC 27853) and (ATCC-90028). With a MIC of 0.135 μg/mL, the EOs has the most potent antibacterial action against . Both EOs display good antifungal efficacy against , with a MIC value of 0.75 μg/mL, which was better than that of Fluconazole's (positive control, MIC = 1.56 μg/mL). The antioxidant capacity of EOs extracted from air-dried and fresh was determined using the DPPH assay, with IC values of 4.78 ± 0.41 and 5.37 ± 0.40 μg/mL, respectively. The tested EOs showed significant cytotoxicity against Hela, HepG2, and COLO-205 cells, with IC values ranging from 82 ± 0.98 to 256 ± 1.95 μg/mL. The current work shows there is a possibility to use the EOs for various applications.