Stienwandt Shaelyn, Cameron Emily E, Soderstrom Melanie, Casar Mercedes, Le Cindy, Roos Leslie E
Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada.
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Child Youth Care Forum. 2022;51(6):1091-1115. doi: 10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
Parent-child interactions are crucial for child development. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health and increased parenting challenges impacting parent-child functioning.
This study examined parent factors related to more and less enriching child activities during the pandemic through Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems framework.
A convenience sample of parents ( = 708), primarily mothers ( = 610; 87.4%) aged 35.59 years old ( = 5.59; range = 21-72), with children ages 2-8 years completed an online questionnaire between April 14-June 1, 2020. Participants mostly resided in Canada, had an income of > $100,000, and identified as White (82.4%). Parent-child activities were measured as total weekly time and combined time across activities within two categories: hands-on play and screen time. Bivariate correlations informed blockwise linear regression models.
For families with childcare needs, parental anxiety was associated with higher total hands-on play, combined hands-on play, and combined screen time. Families without childcare needs indicated parenting stress was associated with lower total hands-on play and combined hands-on play, and higher supervised screen time. Family structure and indices of socioeconomic status were also predictive of activities across childcare needs and child ages.
To promote high-quality parent-child interactions and positive developmental outcomes during the pandemic, childcare needs and parent wellbeing should be supported, while evidence-based guidelines for child screen time should be further researched in this context.
亲子互动对儿童发展至关重要。新冠疫情对心理健康产生了负面影响，并增加了育儿挑战，影响了亲子关系的正常运作。
本研究通过布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统框架，考察了疫情期间与丰富或不丰富儿童活动相关的家长因素。
采用便利抽样法，选取了708名家长，主要为母亲（610名；87.4%），年龄35.59岁（标准差=5.59；范围=21-72岁），孩子年龄在2-8岁之间，于2020年4月14日至6月1日完成了一份在线问卷。参与者大多居住在加拿大，收入超过10万美元，且为白人（82.4%）。亲子活动通过每周总时长以及两类活动（动手游戏和屏幕时间）内各项活动的总时长来衡量。双变量相关性为逐步线性回归模型提供了依据。
对于有育儿需求的家庭，家长焦虑与更高的动手游戏总时长、动手游戏总时长以及屏幕时间总时长相关。没有育儿需求的家庭表明，育儿压力与更低的动手游戏总时长和动手游戏总时长相关，以及更高的有监督的屏幕时间相关。家庭结构和社会经济地位指数也可预测不同育儿需求和儿童年龄阶段的活动情况。
为在疫情期间促进高质量的亲子互动和积极的发展成果，应支持育儿需求和家长的幸福感，同时应在此背景下进一步研究基于证据的儿童屏幕时间指南。
