Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.
Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2022 Jan 17;5(1):20-39. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00979. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
Craniofacial tissue injuries, diseases, and defects, including those within bone, dental, and periodontal tissues and salivary glands, impact an estimated 1 billion patients globally. Craniofacial tissue dysfunction significantly reduces quality of life, and successful repair of damaged tissues remains a significant challenge. Blood vessels and nerves are colocalized within craniofacial tissues and act synergistically during tissue regeneration. Therefore, the success of craniofacial regenerative approaches is predicated on successful recruitment, regeneration, or integration of both vascularization and innervation. Tissue engineering strategies have been widely used to encourage vascularization and, more recently, to improve innervation through host tissue recruitment or prevascularization/innervation of engineered tissues. However, current scaffold designs and cell or growth factor delivery approaches often fail to synergistically coordinate both vascularization and innervation to orchestrate successful tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue engineering approaches are typically investigated separately for vascularization and innervation. Since both tissues act in concert to improve craniofacial tissue regeneration outcomes, a revised approach for development of engineered materials is required. This review aims to provide an overview of neurovascularization in craniofacial tissues and strategies to target either process thus far. Finally, key design principles are described for engineering approaches that will support both vascularization and innervation for successful craniofacial tissue regeneration.
颅面组织损伤、疾病和缺陷，包括骨骼、牙齿和牙周组织以及唾液腺中的损伤、疾病和缺陷，估计影响全球 10 亿患者。颅面组织功能障碍显著降低了生活质量，成功修复受损组织仍然是一个重大挑战。血管和神经在颅面组织中共同定位，并在组织再生过程中协同作用。因此，颅面组织再生方法的成功取决于血管化和神经支配的成功招募、再生或整合。组织工程策略已被广泛用于促进血管化，最近还通过宿主组织募集或工程组织的预血管化/神经支配来改善神经支配。然而，目前的支架设计和细胞或生长因子传递方法往往不能协同协调血管化和神经支配，以协调成功的组织再生。此外，组织工程方法通常分别针对血管化和神经支配进行研究。由于这两种组织协同作用以改善颅面组织再生效果，因此需要对工程材料的开发方法进行修订。本综述旨在概述颅面组织中的神经血管化以及迄今为止针对这两个过程的策略。最后，描述了支持血管化和神经支配以成功进行颅面组织再生的工程方法的关键设计原则。
