Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jan 4;2022:3235524. doi: 10.1155/2022/3235524. eCollection 2022.
Central nervous system (CNS) injury is divided into brain injury and spinal cord injury and remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous reviews have defined numerous inflammatory cells involved in this process. In the human body, neutrophils comprise the largest numbers of myeloid leukocytes. Activated neutrophils release extracellular web-like DNA amended with antimicrobial proteins called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs was demonstrated as a new method of cell death called NETosis. As the first line of defence against injury, neutrophils mediate a variety of adverse reactions in the early stage, and we consider that NETs may be the prominent mediators of CNS injury. Therefore, exploring the specific role of NETs in CNS injury may help us shed some light on early changes in the disease. Simultaneously, we discovered that there is a link between NETosis and other cell death pathways by browsing other research, which is helpful for us to establish crossroads between known cell death pathways. Currently, there is a large amount of research concerning NETosis in various diseases, but the role of NETosis in CNS injury remains unknown. Therefore, this review will introduce the role of NETosis in CNS injury, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischaemia, CNS infection, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury, by describing the mechanism of NETosis, the evidence of NETosis in CNS injury, and the link between NETosis and other cell death pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss some agents that inhibit NETosis as therapies to alleviate the severity of CNS injury. NETosis may be a potential target for the treatment of CNS injury, so exploring NETosis provides a feasible therapeutic option for CNS injury in the future.
中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤分为脑损伤和脊髓损伤，仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的最常见原因。以前的综述已经定义了许多参与该过程的炎症细胞。在人体中，中性粒细胞构成了最大数量的髓样白细胞。活化的中性粒细胞释放出带有称为中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）的抗菌蛋白的细胞外网状 DNA。NETs 的形成被证明是一种称为 NETosis 的新细胞死亡方法。作为对损伤的第一道防线，中性粒细胞在早期介导各种不良反应，我们认为 NETs 可能是 CNS 损伤的突出介质。因此，探索 NETs 在 CNS 损伤中的特定作用可能有助于我们了解疾病的早期变化。同时，我们通过浏览其他研究发现 NETosis 与其他细胞死亡途径之间存在联系，这有助于我们建立已知细胞死亡途径之间的交叉点。目前，有大量关于各种疾病中 NETosis 的研究，但 NETosis 在 CNS 损伤中的作用尚不清楚。因此，本综述将通过描述 NETosis 的机制、NETosis 在 CNS 损伤中的证据以及 NETosis 与其他细胞死亡途径之间的联系，介绍 NETosis 在 CNS 损伤中的作用，包括创伤性脑损伤、脑缺血、CNS 感染、阿尔茨海默病和脊髓损伤。此外，我们还讨论了一些抑制 NETosis 的药物作为减轻 CNS 损伤严重程度的治疗方法。NETosis 可能是治疗 CNS 损伤的潜在靶点，因此探索 NETosis 为未来 CNS 损伤提供了可行的治疗选择。
