Wang Qi, Mei Jun, Cao Jie, Xie Jing
College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Dec 22;11(1):11. doi: 10.3390/biology11010011.
In the current study, L. essential oil (MOEO), a novel sedative and anaesthetic, was employed in transport water to obtain a lower stress effect and higher survival rate for live marine fish. The effect of MOEO and various types of anaesthetics, administered at a low temperature on gill morphology, liver function and immunological parameters of living sea bass () subjected to transport stress, was evaluated to optimize the anaesthetic and sedative concentrations during live sea bass transport. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of sea bass, subjected to simulated live transport for 72 h, demonstrated that the changes in the morphological characteristics of gill tissue treated with 40 mg/L MOEO (A3 group) were minimal in comparison to those observed in untreated sea bass. The results of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), hexokinase (HK), hepatic glycogen (Gly), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxides (MDA) and Caspase-3 assays indicated that the glycolysis rate, energy consumption, lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte apoptosis were the lowest in the A3 group. The values of the two immune parameters, lysozyme (LZM) and fish immunoglobulin M (IgM), indicated the strongest immunity ability in the A3 group. After 12 h recovery, sea bass treated with 30 mg/L MS-222 (B group) displayed a 100% survival rate, sea bass treated with 20 mg/L (A2 group) and 40 mg/L (A3 group) MOEO displayed a 96% survival rate, sea bass treated with 20 mg/L eugenol (C group) had a 94% survival rate, and untreated sea bass (CK group) had a 50% survival rate. Therefore, the addition MOEO to the transport water had anaesthetic and sedative effects similar to MS-222 and eugenol. The results confirmed that the addition of MOEO to the transport water could reduce tissue damage, energy metabolism, and the oxidative stress response in sea bass during transport.
在本研究中，新型镇静麻醉剂月桂叶精油（MOEO）被用于运输水中，以降低活海鱼的应激效应并提高其存活率。评估了低温下MOEO和各种麻醉剂对遭受运输应激的活体海鲈（）鳃形态、肝功能和免疫参数的影响，以优化活海鲈运输过程中的麻醉和镇静浓度。对经过72小时模拟活运输的海鲈进行光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察，结果表明，与未处理的海鲈相比，用40mg/L MOEO处理的鳃组织（A3组）形态特征变化最小。丙酮酸激酶（PK）、磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）、己糖激酶（HK）、肝糖原（Gly）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化物（MDA）和半胱天冬酶-3检测结果表明，A3组的糖酵解速率、能量消耗、脂质过氧化和肝细胞凋亡最低。两种免疫参数溶菌酶（LZM）和鱼类免疫球蛋白M（IgM）的值表明A3组的免疫能力最强。恢复12小时后，用30mg/L MS-222处理的海鲈（B组）存活率为100%，用20mg/L（A2组）和40mg/L（A3组）MOEO处理的海鲈存活率为96%，用20mg/L丁香酚处理的海鲈（C组）存活率为94%，未处理的海鲈（CK组）存活率为50%。因此，在运输水中添加MOEO具有与MS-222和丁香酚相似的麻醉和镇静作用。结果证实，在运输水中添加MOEO可以减少运输过程中海鲈的组织损伤、能量代谢和氧化应激反应。
