Palenzuela-Luis Natacha, Duarte-Clíments Gonzalo, Gómez-Salgado Juan, Rodríguez-Gómez José Ángel, Sánchez-Gómez María Begoña
Department of Nursing, University Hospital of Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Department of Nursing, University School of Nursing, Candelaria N.S. University Hospital, University of La Laguna, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2022 Jan 10;9(1):91. doi: 10.3390/children9010091.
Adolescence is considered a fundamental time to promote change. During this time, young people consolidate their social and individual identity. By influencing positive changes, chronic diseases can be avoided, delayed or modified in the future. The use of valid and reliable questionnaires is an optimal resource for gathering information and thus useful for this study.
The objectives of the study were to: (1). identify the questionnaires that assess self-esteem/self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise and lifestyle of adolescents; (2). analyse the psychometric measures of the questionnaires used to assess the self-esteem/self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise and lifestyle of adolescents; and (3). determine which questionnaires are the most reliable and valid for assessing the self-esteem/self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise and lifestyle of adolescents.
A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Medline, Cuiden, Scielo, Dialnet, PubMed and Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare following the PICO method. The recommendations of the PRISMA statement were followed.
A total of 71 scientific articles were collected. Within the self-perception/self-concept questionnaires, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale stands out for being an optimal and widely used resource in adolescents. Regarding the questionnaires that evaluate self-perception, the General Health Questionnaire is the most used; it is used in numerous national health surveys in different countries. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents ranks first with respect to the rest of the tools. It is a widely used resource internationally and provides enough information on the physical activity carried out by the subject in a given week. Although there are several questionnaires that measure lifestyle, the Health Behavior in School-aged Children instrument was selected. This instrument is at the European level and involves the collaboration of 48 countries and allows us to compare the lifestyle habits of adolescents from different countries.
The questionnaire that stands out in the assessment of self-esteem/self-concept is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The General Health Questionnaire has been selected as the best tool for assessing self-perception. To measure physical exercise, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents is identified as the ideal instrument because it is widely used and can be completed quickly. Regarding lifestyle, the Health Behavior in School aged Children is shown to be an effective instrument in assessing lifestyle.
青春期被认为是促进改变的关键时期。在此期间，年轻人巩固他们的社会和个人身份。通过影响积极的变化，未来可以避免、延缓或改善慢性病。使用有效且可靠的问卷是收集信息的最佳资源，因此对本研究很有用。
本研究的目的是：（1）识别评估青少年自尊/自我概念、自我认知、体育锻炼和生活方式的问卷；（2）分析用于评估青少年自尊/自我概念、自我认知、体育锻炼和生活方式的问卷的心理测量指标；（3）确定哪些问卷对于评估青少年自尊/自我概念、自我认知、体育锻炼和生活方式最可靠且有效。
按照PICO方法在以下数据库中进行文献检索：虚拟健康图书馆、考科蓝图书馆、医学索引、护理学数据库、科学电子图书馆在线、西班牙学术期刊数据库、医学期刊数据库和卫生、消费与社会福利部。遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明的建议。
共收集到71篇科学文章。在自我认知/自我概念问卷中，罗森伯格自尊量表因其是青少年中一种最优且广泛使用的资源而脱颖而出。关于评估自我认知的问卷，一般健康问卷使用最为频繁；它在不同国家的众多国家健康调查中被使用。青少年体育活动问卷在其他工具中排名第一。它是国际上广泛使用的资源，能提供关于受试者在给定一周内进行的体育活动的足够信息。尽管有几份测量生活方式的问卷，但选择了学龄儿童健康行为量表。该量表在欧洲层面使用，涉及48个国家的合作，使我们能够比较不同国家青少年的生活方式习惯。
在自尊/自我概念评估中脱颖而出的问卷是罗森伯格自尊量表。一般健康问卷被选为评估自我认知的最佳工具。为测量体育锻炼，青少年体育活动问卷被确定为理想工具，因为它使用广泛且能快速完成。关于生活方式，学龄儿童健康行为量表被证明是评估生活方式的有效工具。
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