Stroke Center, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
J Med Ultrason (2001). 2022 Oct;49(4):581-592. doi: 10.1007/s10396-021-01185-0. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Stroke requires rapid determination of the cause to provide timely and appropriate initial management. Various ultrasonographic techniques have been evaluated as ways to determine the cause of stroke; among them, carotid artery ultrasonography is particularly useful since it provides considerable information within a short time period when used to evaluate a specific site. In the emergency room, carotid artery ultrasonography can be used to diagnose internal carotid artery stenosis, predict an occluded vessel, and infer the cause of ischemic stroke. Additionally, carotid artery ultrasonography can diagnose different conditions including subclavian artery steal syndrome, bow hunter's stroke, Takayasu's arteritis, moyamoya disease, and dural arteriovenous fistula. Furthermore, patients with ischemic stroke with a pulse deficit or hypotension must be differentiated from acute type A aortic dissection, which requires emergency surgery; carotid artery ultrasonography can immediately differentiate between the two conditions by identifying the intimal flap of the common carotid artery. The following article provides an overview of carotid artery ultrasonography performed as point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency room in patients with suspected stroke.
中风需要快速确定病因，以便提供及时、适当的初始治疗。各种超声技术已被评估为确定中风病因的方法；其中，颈动脉超声特别有用，因为它在短时间内评估特定部位时提供了大量信息。在急诊室，颈动脉超声可用于诊断颈内动脉狭窄、预测闭塞血管，并推断缺血性中风的病因。此外，颈动脉超声还可诊断包括锁骨下动脉窃血综合征、射手的中风、Takayasu 动脉炎、烟雾病和硬脑膜动静脉瘘等不同病症。此外，有脉搏缺失或低血压的缺血性中风患者必须与需要紧急手术的急性 A 型主动脉夹层相鉴别；颈动脉超声可以通过识别颈总动脉的内膜瓣，立即区分这两种情况。本文概述了在疑似中风的患者中在急诊室进行的即时护理颈动脉超声检查。
