Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
Nutr Neurosci. 2023 Feb;26(2):173-186. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2029294. Epub 2022 Feb 6.
Development of obesity and its comorbidities is not only the result of excess energy intake, but also of dietary composition. Understanding how hypothalamic metabolic circuits interpret nutritional signals is fundamental to advance towards effective dietary interventions.
We aimed to determine the metabolic response to diets enriched in specific fatty acids.
Male mice received a diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UOLF) or saturated fatty acids (SOLF) for 8 weeks.
UOLF and SOLF mice gained more weight and adiposity, but with no difference between these two groups. Circulating leptin levels increased on both fatty acid-enriched diet, but were higher in UOLF mice, as were leptin mRNA levels in visceral adipose tissue. In contrast, serum non-esterified fatty acid levels only rose in SOLF mice. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of NPY decreased and of POMC increased in both UOLF and SOLF mice, but only SOLF mice showed signs of hypothalamic astrogliosis and affectation of central fatty acid metabolism. Exogenous leptin activated STAT3 in the hypothalamus of all groups, but the activation of AKT and mTOR and the decrease in AMPK activation in observed in controls and UOLF mice was not found in SOLF mice.
Diets rich in fatty acids increase body weight and adiposity even if energy intake is not increased, while increased intake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differentially modify metabolic parameters that could underlie more long-term comorbidities. Thus, more understanding of how specific nutrients affect metabolism, weight gain, and obesity associated complications is necessary.
肥胖及其合并症的发展不仅是能量摄入过多的结果，还与饮食成分有关。了解下丘脑代谢回路如何解释营养信号对于推进有效的饮食干预至关重要。
我们旨在确定富含特定脂肪酸的饮食对代谢的反应。
雄性小鼠接受富含不饱和脂肪酸（UOLF）或饱和脂肪酸（SOLF）的饮食 8 周。
UOLF 和 SOLF 小鼠体重和体脂增加，但两组之间无差异。两种富含脂肪酸的饮食均导致循环瘦素水平升高，但 UOLF 小鼠的瘦素 mRNA 水平更高，内脏脂肪组织中的瘦素 mRNA 水平也更高。相比之下，只有 SOLF 小鼠的血清非酯化脂肪酸水平升高。UOLF 和 SOLF 小鼠的下丘脑 NPY mRNA 水平降低，POMC mRNA 水平升高，但只有 SOLF 小鼠显示出下丘脑星形胶质细胞增生和中枢脂肪酸代谢受损的迹象。外源性瘦素激活了所有组下丘脑的 STAT3，但在 SOLF 小鼠中未观察到对照和 UOLF 小鼠中观察到的 AKT 和 mTOR 的激活以及 AMPK 激活的减少。
富含脂肪酸的饮食会增加体重和体脂，即使能量摄入没有增加，而摄入更多的饱和和不饱和脂肪酸会以不同的方式改变代谢参数，这可能是导致更长期合并症的基础。因此，需要更多地了解特定营养素如何影响代谢、体重增加和与肥胖相关的并发症。
