Sun Yuyang, Wan Ben, Wang Renxian, Zhang Bowen, Luo Peng, Wang Diaodiao, Nie Jing-Jun, Chen Dafu, Wu Xinbao
Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Jan 21;10:808303. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808303. eCollection 2022.
Treatment of bone defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Artificial bone grafts are the most promising alternative to autologous bone grafting. However, one of the limiting factors of artificial bone grafts is the limited means of regulating stem cell differentiation during bone regeneration. As a weight-bearing organ, bone is in a continuous mechanical environment. External mechanical force, a type of biophysical stimulation, plays an essential role in bone regeneration. It is generally accepted that osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells in bone. However, recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also respond to mechanical signals. This article reviews the mechanotransduction mechanisms of MSCs, the regulation of mechanical stimulation on microenvironments surrounding MSCs by modulating the immune response, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the application of mechanical stimulation of MSCs in bone regeneration. The review provides a deep and extensive understanding of mechanical stimulation mechanisms, and prospects feasible designs of biomaterials for bone regeneration and the potential clinical applications of mechanical stimulation.
骨缺损的治疗在临床上仍然是一项挑战。人工骨移植是自体骨移植最有前景的替代方法。然而，人工骨移植的限制因素之一是在骨再生过程中调节干细胞分化的手段有限。作为一个负重器官，骨骼处于持续的力学环境中。外部机械力作为一种生物物理刺激，在骨再生中起着至关重要的作用。人们普遍认为骨细胞是骨骼中的机械敏感细胞。然而，最近的研究表明间充质干细胞（MSCs）也能对机械信号作出反应。本文综述了间充质干细胞的机械转导机制、通过调节免疫反应、血管生成和成骨对间充质干细胞周围微环境的机械刺激调节，以及间充质干细胞的机械刺激在骨再生中的应用。该综述对机械刺激机制提供了深入而广泛的理解，并展望了用于骨再生的生物材料的可行设计以及机械刺激的潜在临床应用。
