Hao Zhuowen, Xu Zhenhua, Wang Xuan, Wang Yi, Li Hanke, Chen Tianhong, Hu Yingkun, Chen Renxin, Huang Kegang, Chen Chao, Li Jingfeng
Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Wuhan Institute of Proactive Health Management Science, Wuhan, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Nov 9;9:790050. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790050. eCollection 2021.
The repair of critical bone defects remains challenging worldwide. Three canonical pillars (biomaterial scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and stem cells) of bone tissue engineering have been widely used for bone regeneration in separate or combined strategies, but the delivery of bioactive molecules has several obvious drawbacks. Biophysical stimuli have great potential to become the fourth pillar of bone tissue engineering, which can be categorized into three groups depending on their physical properties: internal structural stimuli, external mechanical stimuli, and electromagnetic stimuli. In this review, distinctive biophysical stimuli coupled with their osteoinductive windows or parameters are initially presented to induce the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, osteoinductive mechanisms of biophysical transduction (a combination of mechanotransduction and electrocoupling) are reviewed to direct the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These mechanisms include biophysical sensing, transmission, and regulation. Furthermore, distinctive application strategies of biophysical stimuli are presented for bone tissue engineering, including predesigned biomaterials, tissue-engineered bone grafts, and postoperative biophysical stimuli loading strategies. Finally, ongoing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
在全球范围内，严重骨缺损的修复仍然具有挑战性。骨组织工程的三大经典支柱（生物材料支架、生物活性分子和干细胞）已被广泛用于单独或联合策略的骨再生，但生物活性分子的递送存在几个明显的缺点。生物物理刺激有很大潜力成为骨组织工程的第四大支柱，根据其物理性质可分为三类：内部结构刺激、外部机械刺激和电磁刺激。在本综述中，首先介绍了独特的生物物理刺激及其骨诱导窗口或参数，以诱导间充质干细胞（MSC）的成骨作用。然后，综述了生物物理转导（机械转导和电耦合的组合）的骨诱导机制，以指导MSC的成骨分化。这些机制包括生物物理传感、传递和调节。此外，还介绍了生物物理刺激在骨组织工程中的独特应用策略，包括预先设计的生物材料、组织工程骨移植和术后生物物理刺激加载策略。最后，讨论了当前面临的挑战和未来展望。
