Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1349:249-273. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_12.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel that is intensively expressed in the peripheral nerve system and involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammals. Its activity is of great significance in transmitting pain or itch signals from peripheral sensory neurons to the central nervous system. The alteration or hypersensitivity of TRPV1 channel is well evidenced under various pathological conditions. Moreover, accumulative studies have revealed that TRPV1-expressing (TRPV1) sensory neurons mediate the neuroimmune crosstalk by releasing neuropeptides to innervated tissues as well as immune cells. In the central projection, TRPV1 terminals synapse with the secondary neurons for the transmission of pain and itch signalling. The intense involvement of TRPV1 and TRPV1 neurons in pain and itch makes it a potential pharmaceutical target. Over decades, the basis of TRPV1 channel structure, the nature of its activity, and its modulation in pathological processes have been broadly studied and well documented. Herein, we highlight the role of TRPV1 and its associated neurons in sensing pain and itch. The fundamental understandings of TRPV1-involved nociception, pruriception, neurogenic inflammation, and cell-specific modulation will help bring out more effective strategies of TRPV1 modulation in treating pain- and itch-related diseases.
瞬时受体电位香草酸型 1 型（TRPV1）是非选择性阳离子通道，在周围神经系统中高度表达，参与哺乳动物的各种生理和病理生理过程。其活性在从周围感觉神经元向中枢神经系统传递疼痛或瘙痒信号方面具有重要意义。在各种病理条件下，TRPV1 通道的改变或过敏反应已有充分证据。此外，累积的研究表明，表达 TRPV1（TRPV1）感觉神经元通过释放神经肽来介导神经免疫串扰，作用于支配组织和免疫细胞。在中枢投射中，TRPV1 末梢与二级神经元形成突触，传递疼痛和瘙痒信号。TRPV1 和 TRPV1 神经元在疼痛和瘙痒中的强烈参与使其成为潜在的药物靶点。数十年来，TRPV1 通道结构的基础、其活性的性质及其在病理过程中的调节已得到广泛研究和充分记录。本文重点介绍 TRPV1 及其相关神经元在感知疼痛和瘙痒中的作用。对 TRPV1 参与的伤害感受、瘙痒感、神经源性炎症和细胞特异性调节的基本认识，将有助于提出更有效的 TRPV1 调节策略，以治疗与疼痛和瘙痒相关的疾病。
