Alorda-Clara Marina, Torrens-Mas Margalida, Morla-Barcelo Pere Miquel, Martinez-Bernabe Toni, Sastre-Serra Jorge, Roca Pilar, Pons Daniel Gabriel, Oliver Jordi, Reyes Jose
Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S, E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Feb 6;14(3):817. doi: 10.3390/cancers14030817.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with high mortality rates, especially when detected at later stages. Early detection of CRC can substantially raise the 5-year survival rate of patients, and different efforts are being put into developing enhanced CRC screening programs. Currently, the faecal immunochemical test with a follow-up colonoscopy is being implemented for CRC screening. However, there is still a medical need to describe biomarkers that help with CRC detection and monitor CRC patients. The use of omics techniques holds promise to detect new biomarkers for CRC. In this review, we discuss the use of omics in different types of samples, including breath, urine, stool, blood, bowel lavage fluid, or tumour tissue, and highlight some of the biomarkers that have been recently described with omics data. Finally, we also review the use of extracellular vesicles as an improved and promising instrument for biomarker detection.
结直肠癌（CRC）是最常被诊断出的癌症之一，死亡率很高，尤其是在晚期被发现时。早期检测CRC可以大幅提高患者的5年生存率，并且人们正在做出不同努力来开发强化的CRC筛查项目。目前，粪便免疫化学检测并后续进行结肠镜检查正在用于CRC筛查。然而，仍然存在医学需求来描述有助于CRC检测和监测CRC患者的生物标志物。组学技术的应用有望检测出CRC的新生物标志物。在本综述中，我们讨论了组学在不同类型样本中的应用，包括呼吸、尿液、粪便、血液、肠道灌洗液或肿瘤组织，并重点介绍了一些最近通过组学数据描述的生物标志物。最后，我们还综述了细胞外囊泡作为一种用于生物标志物检测的改进且有前景的工具的应用。
