Guerra-Vázquez Claudia M, Martínez-Ávila Mariana, Guajardo-Flores Daniel, Antunes-Ricardo Marilena
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey C.P. 64849, NL, Mexico.
Foods. 2022 Jan 18;11(3):252. doi: 10.3390/foods11030252.
Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). NDs are characterized by progressive damage and death of nerve cells accompanied by high levels of inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress conditions. Punicic acid, the main bioactive component of pomegranate () seed oil, is an omega-5 isomer of conjugated α-linoleic acid that has shown strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that contributes towards its positive effect against a wide arrange of diseases. Punicic acid decreases oxidative damage and inflammation by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In addition, it can reduce beta-amyloid deposits formation and tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and the inhibition of calpain hyperactivation. Microencapsulated pomegranate, with high levels of punicic acid, increases antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Likewise, encapsulated pomegranate formulations with high levels of punicic acid have shown an increase in the antioxidant PON1 activity in HDL. Because of the limited brain permeability of punicic acid, diverse delivery formulations have been developed to enhance the biological activity of punicic acid in the brain, diminishing neurological disorders symptoms. Punicic acid is an important nutraceutical compound in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
全球数百万人受神经退行性疾病（NDs）影响。神经退行性疾病的特征是神经细胞进行性损伤和死亡，伴有高水平的炎症生物标志物和氧化应激状况。石榴籽油的主要生物活性成分石榴酸是共轭α-亚麻酸的ω-5异构体，已显示出强大的抗氧化和抗炎作用，这有助于其对多种疾病产生积极影响。石榴酸通过增加过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体的表达来减少氧化损伤和炎症。此外，它可以通过增加GLUT4蛋白的表达和抑制钙蛋白酶过度激活来减少β-淀粉样蛋白沉积的形成和tau蛋白过度磷酸化。富含石榴酸的微囊化石榴可提高高密度脂蛋白（HDL）中的抗氧化对氧磷酶1（PON1）活性。同样，富含石榴酸的包封石榴制剂也显示出HDL中抗氧化PON1活性增加。由于石榴酸的脑通透性有限，已开发出多种递送制剂来增强石榴酸在脑中的生物活性，减轻神经紊乱症状。石榴酸是预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病等神经退行性疾病的重要营养化合物。
