Harish Vancha, Tewari Devesh, Gaur Manish, Yadav Awadh Bihari, Swaroop Shiv, Bechelany Mikhael, Barhoum Ahmed
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India.
Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jan 28;12(3):457. doi: 10.3390/nano12030457.
In the last few decades, the vast potential of nanomaterials for biomedical and healthcare applications has been extensively investigated. Several case studies demonstrated that nanomaterials can offer solutions to the current challenges of raw materials in the biomedical and healthcare fields. This review describes the different nanoparticles and nanostructured material synthesis approaches and presents some emerging biomedical, healthcare, and agro-food applications. This review focuses on various nanomaterial types (e.g., spherical, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanofibers, core-shell, and mesoporous) that can be synthesized from different raw materials and their emerging applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, and agro-foods. Depending on their morphology (e.g., size, aspect ratio, geometry, porosity), nanomaterials can be used as formulation modifiers, moisturizers, nanofillers, additives, membranes, and films. As toxicological assessment depends on sizes and morphologies, stringent regulation is needed from the testing of efficient nanomaterials dosages. The challenges and perspectives for an industrial breakthrough of nanomaterials are related to the optimization of production and processing conditions.
在过去几十年里，纳米材料在生物医学和医疗保健应用方面的巨大潜力得到了广泛研究。一些案例研究表明，纳米材料可以为生物医学和医疗保健领域当前的原材料挑战提供解决方案。本综述描述了不同的纳米颗粒和纳米结构材料的合成方法，并介绍了一些新兴的生物医学、医疗保健和农业食品应用。本综述重点关注可以由不同原材料合成的各种纳米材料类型（例如球形、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米片、纳米纤维、核壳结构和介孔材料）及其在生物成像、生物传感、药物递送、组织工程、抗菌和农业食品方面的新兴应用。根据其形态（例如尺寸、纵横比、几何形状、孔隙率），纳米材料可以用作配方改性剂、保湿剂、纳米填料、添加剂、膜和薄膜。由于毒理学评估取决于尺寸和形态，因此需要对高效纳米材料剂量的测试进行严格监管。纳米材料实现工业突破的挑战和前景与生产和加工条件的优化有关。
