Cancela-Carral José Maria, Blanco Benigna, López-Rodríguez Adriana
Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain.
HealthyFit Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-University of Vigo, 36213 Vigo, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 19;11(3):501. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030501.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess evidence on the effects of aquatic exercise in pregnant women. The search included the following databases: Medline-PubMed, Web of science, PEDro, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases. Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included ( = 2439, age 20-39 years; 31.30 ± 1.30 years). The systematic review carried out has indicated that aquatic exercise in pregnant women appears to have positive effects on preventing excessive maternal weight gain, improving maternal body image, as well as promoting healthy behavior, decreasing medical leave due to lower back pain during pregnancy, preventing gestational depression by improving maternal glucose tolerance levels, and reducing O'Sullivan test values. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database was used to evaluate the quality of the methodology of the selected studies, which were found to present an average methodological quality (PEDro scale: 5.05 points). Meta-analysis showed that aquatic exercise in pregnant women appears to have positive effects in the prevention of excessive maternal weight gain (mean difference -1.66 kg, 95% CI -2.67 to -0.66) and also to reduce birth weight mean differences (-89.13 g, 95% CI -143.18 to -35.08). The practice of aquatic exercise is appropriate throughout pregnancy. However, more research is needed to build more solid knowledge on the benefits of aquatic physical exercise on physical fitness (endurance, flexibility, agility and strength).
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估有关孕妇进行水上运动效果的证据。检索包括以下数据库：Medline-PubMed、科学网、PEDro、Scopus和SPORTDiscus数据库。纳入了17项随机对照试验（n = 2439，年龄20 - 39岁；平均年龄31.30 ± 1.30岁）。所进行的系统评价表明，孕妇进行水上运动似乎对预防孕妇体重过度增加、改善孕妇身体形象、促进健康行为、减少孕期因腰痛导致的病假、通过改善孕妇葡萄糖耐量水平预防妊娠期抑郁症以及降低奥沙利文试验值具有积极作用。使用理疗证据数据库评估所选研究方法的质量，发现其方法学质量平均（PEDro量表：5.05分）。荟萃分析表明，孕妇进行水上运动似乎对预防孕妇体重过度增加有积极作用（平均差值 -1.66 kg，95%置信区间 -2.67至 -0.66），并且还能降低出生体重的平均差值（-89.13 g，95%置信区间 -143.18至 -35.08）。整个孕期都适合进行水上运动。然而，需要更多研究来建立关于水上体育锻炼对身体素质（耐力、柔韧性、敏捷性和力量）益处的更坚实知识。
